TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating a psychological model of mental conditions and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic driven by participatory methods
AU - Simblett, S. K.
AU - Jilka, S.
AU - Vitoratou, S.
AU - Hayes, C.
AU - Morris, D.
AU - Wilson, E.
AU - Odoi, C.
AU - Mutepua, M.
AU - Evans, J.
AU - Negbenose, E.
AU - Jansli, S. M.
AU - Hudson, G.
AU - Adanijo, A.
AU - Dawe-Lane, E.
AU - Pinfold, V.
AU - Wykes, T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London (IS-BRC-1215-20018).
Funding Information:
This paper represents independent research part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. TW would specifically like to acknowledge support from the NIHR for their Senior Investigator Awards. SV and CH acknowledge full or partial financial support from the Department of Health. Further thanks go to all the charitable organisations, including the McPin Foundation, who helped with recruitment.
Funding Information:
This paper represents independent research part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. TW would specifically like to acknowledge support from the NIHR for their Senior Investigator Awards. SV and CH acknowledge full or partial financial support from the Department of Health. Further thanks go to all the charitable organisations, including the McPin Foundation, who helped with recruitment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: There is evidence of increased mental health problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify the factors that put certain groups of people at greater risk of mental health problems. Methods: We took a participatory approach, involving people with lived experience of mental health problems and/or carers, to generate a set of risk factors and potential moderators of the effects of COVID on mental health. An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 1464 United Kingdom residents between 24th April and 27th June 2020. The survey had questions on whether respondents were existing mental health service users and or carers, level of depression (PHQ9) and anxiety (GAD7), demographics, threat and coping appraisals, perceived resilience (BRS), and specific coping behaviours (validated as part of this study). The relationship between responses and coping strategies was measured using tetrachoric correlations. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model. Results: A model significantly fit our data (rel χ2 = 2.05, RMSEA = 0.029 95%, CI (0.016, 0.042), CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.014). Age and coping appraisal predicted anxiety and depression. Whereas, threat appraisal and ethnicity only predicted anxiety, and resilience only predicted depression. Additionally, specific coping behaviours predicted anxiety and depression, with overlap on distraction. Conclusions: Some, but not all, risk factors significantly predict anxiety and depression. While there is a relationship between anxiety and depression, different factors may put people at greater risk of one or the other during the pandemic.
AB - Background: There is evidence of increased mental health problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify the factors that put certain groups of people at greater risk of mental health problems. Methods: We took a participatory approach, involving people with lived experience of mental health problems and/or carers, to generate a set of risk factors and potential moderators of the effects of COVID on mental health. An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 1464 United Kingdom residents between 24th April and 27th June 2020. The survey had questions on whether respondents were existing mental health service users and or carers, level of depression (PHQ9) and anxiety (GAD7), demographics, threat and coping appraisals, perceived resilience (BRS), and specific coping behaviours (validated as part of this study). The relationship between responses and coping strategies was measured using tetrachoric correlations. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model. Results: A model significantly fit our data (rel χ2 = 2.05, RMSEA = 0.029 95%, CI (0.016, 0.042), CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.014). Age and coping appraisal predicted anxiety and depression. Whereas, threat appraisal and ethnicity only predicted anxiety, and resilience only predicted depression. Additionally, specific coping behaviours predicted anxiety and depression, with overlap on distraction. Conclusions: Some, but not all, risk factors significantly predict anxiety and depression. While there is a relationship between anxiety and depression, different factors may put people at greater risk of one or the other during the pandemic.
KW - Coping
KW - COVID-19
KW - Mental health
KW - Participatory methods
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132328191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00127-022-02316-9
DO - 10.1007/s00127-022-02316-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132328191
SN - 0933-7954
VL - 57
SP - 2491
EP - 2501
JO - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
JF - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
IS - 12
ER -