Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD/CD independently of ADHD

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Abstract

Background:  Children with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) have shown deficits in ‘cool’ abstract-cognitive, and ‘hot’ reward-related executive function (EF) tasks. However, it is currently unclear to what extent ODD/CD is associated with neuropsychological deficits, independently of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods:  Fifty-nine adolescents with a history of early-onset oppositional problems, 28 with pure ODD/CD symptoms and 31 with ADHD with or without ODD/CD, and 34 healthy controls were administered a task battery measuring motor response inhibition, sustained attention, cognitive flexibility and reward-related decision-making. Findings were analysed using dimensional and group analyses.

Results:  In group analyses both groups with and without ADHD were impaired in EF measures. Dimensional analyses, however, showed that ODD/CD but not ADHD was related to hot EF based on increased risky decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task. ODD/CD was also independently related to aspects of cool EF independently of ADHD, namely slower speeds of inhibitory responding and increased intra-subject variability.

Conclusions:  These findings show EF deficits associated with ODD/CD independently of ADHD, and implicate reward-related abnormalities in theories of antisocial behaviour development.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1035-1043
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Volume52
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2011

Keywords

  • BOYS
  • ABNORMALITIES
  • executive functioning
  • ADHD
  • CHILDREN
  • BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION
  • PURE CONDUCT DISORDER
  • ODD
  • Neuropsychology
  • ATTENTION-DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY
  • conduct disorder
  • IMPULSIVENESS
  • DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
  • INHIBITION
  • AD/HD

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