TY - JOUR
T1 - Low Smoking Exposure, the Adolescent Brain, and the Modulating Role of CHRNA5 Polymorphisms
AU - IMAGEN Consortium
AU - Chaarani, Bader
AU - Kan, Kees Jan
AU - Mackey, Scott
AU - Spechler, Philip A.
AU - Potter, Alexandra
AU - Orr, Catherine
AU - D'Alberto, Nicholas
AU - Hudson, Kelsey E.
AU - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU - Bokde, Arun L.W.
AU - Bromberg, Uli
AU - Büchel, Christian
AU - Cattrell, Anna
AU - Conrod, Patricia J.
AU - Desrivières, Sylvane
AU - Flor, Herta
AU - Frouin, Vincent
AU - Gallinat, Jürgen
AU - Gowland, Penny
AU - Heinz, Andreas
AU - Ittermann, Bernd
AU - Martinot, Jean Luc
AU - Nees, Frauke
AU - Papadopoulos-Orfanos, Dimitri
AU - Paus, Tomáš
AU - Poustka, Luise
AU - Smolka, Michael N.
AU - Walter, Henrik
AU - Whelan, Robert
AU - Higgins, Stephen T.
AU - Schumann, Gunter
AU - Althoff, Robert R.
AU - Stein, Elliot A.
AU - Garavan, Hugh
AU - Mann, Karl
AU - Struve, Maren
AU - Rietschel, Marcella
AU - Spanagel, Rainer
AU - Reuter, Jan
AU - Jia, Tianye
AU - Werts, Helen
AU - Topper, Lauren
AU - Reed, Laurence
AU - Mallik, Catherine
AU - Ruggeri, Barbara
AU - Nymberg, Charlotte
AU - Smith, Lindsay
AU - Loth, Eva
AU - Stringaris, Argyris
AU - Newman, Craig
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Background: Studying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adulthood. However, only a few studies in adolescents exist, and they include small samples. In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. Methods: Structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from a large sample of 14-year-old adolescents who completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological, clinical, personality, and drug-use assessments. Additional assessments were conducted at 16 years of age. Results: Exposure to smoking in adolescents, even at low doses, is linked to volume changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to altered neuronal connectivity in the corpus callosum. The longitudinal analyses strongly suggest that these effects are not preexisting conditions in those who progress to smoking. There was a genetic contribution wherein the volume reduction effects were magnified in smokers who were carriers of the high-risk genotype of the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, rs16969968. Conclusions: These findings give insight into a mechanism involving genes, brain structure, and connectivity underlying why some adolescents find nicotine especially addictive.
AB - Background: Studying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adulthood. However, only a few studies in adolescents exist, and they include small samples. In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. Methods: Structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from a large sample of 14-year-old adolescents who completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological, clinical, personality, and drug-use assessments. Additional assessments were conducted at 16 years of age. Results: Exposure to smoking in adolescents, even at low doses, is linked to volume changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to altered neuronal connectivity in the corpus callosum. The longitudinal analyses strongly suggest that these effects are not preexisting conditions in those who progress to smoking. There was a genetic contribution wherein the volume reduction effects were magnified in smokers who were carriers of the high-risk genotype of the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, rs16969968. Conclusions: These findings give insight into a mechanism involving genes, brain structure, and connectivity underlying why some adolescents find nicotine especially addictive.
KW - Adolescents
KW - fMRI
KW - Genetics
KW - Gray matter volume
KW - Low smoking exposure
KW - Neuroimaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065211708&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.006
DO - 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85065211708
SN - 2451-9022
VL - 4
SP - 672
EP - 679
JO - Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
JF - Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
IS - 7
ER -