Magnetic Properties of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 thin films

Alex Devonport; Alena Vishina; R.K. Singh; Matthew Edwards; Kaiwen Zheng; John Domenico; N.D. Rizzo; Cameron Kopas; Mark van Schilfgaarde; N. Newman

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.03.054

Magnetic Properties of chromium-doped Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ thin films

Alex Devonport, Alena Vishina, R.K. Singh, Matthew Edwards, Kaiwen Zheng, John Domenico, N.D. Rizzo, Cameron Kopas, Mark van Schilfgaarde, N. Newman

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Abstract

This paper investigates the properties of thin films of chromium-doped Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ (Permalloy) that could potentially be useful in future low-power magnetic memory technologies. The addition of chromium reduces the saturation magnetization, Ms, which is useful for low-energy switching, but does not significantly degrade the excellent switching properties of the host material even down to 10 K, the lowest temperature measured, in films as thin as 2.5 nm. As an example, an alloy film composed of 15% chromium and 85% Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ has an Ms just over half that of pure Ni₈₀Fe₂₀, with a coercivity Hc less than 4 Oe, an anisotropy field Hk less than 1 Oe, and a remanent squareness M_r/M_s of 0.8 (where Mr is the remanent magnetization). Magnetodynamical measurements using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer showed that the average Landau Lifshitz damping λ was relatively constant with changing Cr content, but increased significantly for thinner films (λ ≈150 MHz for 11 nm, λ≈250 MHz for 2.5 nm), and at low bias fields likely due to increased magnetic dispersion. Density functional theory calculations show that chromium reduces M_s by entering the lattice antiferromagnetically; it also increases scattering in the majority spin channel, while adding almost insignificant scattering to the minority channel.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	193-202
Journal	JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Volume	460
Early online date	27 Mar 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.03.054
Publication status	Published - 15 Aug 2018

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title = "Magnetic Properties of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 thin films",

abstract = "This paper investigates the properties of thin films of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 (Permalloy) that could potentially be useful in future low-power magnetic memory technologies. The addition of chromium reduces the saturation magnetization, Ms, which is useful for low-energy switching, but does not significantly degrade the excellent switching properties of the host material even down to 10 K, the lowest temperature measured, in films as thin as 2.5 nm. As an example, an alloy film composed of 15% chromium and 85% Ni80Fe20 has an Ms just over half that of pure Ni80Fe20, with a coercivity Hc less than 4 Oe, an anisotropy field Hk less than 1 Oe, and a remanent squareness Mr/Ms of 0.8 (where Mr is the remanent magnetization). Magnetodynamical measurements using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer showed that the average Landau Lifshitz damping λ was relatively constant with changing Cr content, but increased significantly for thinner films (λ ≈150 MHz for 11 nm, λ≈250 MHz for 2.5 nm), and at low bias fields likely due to increased magnetic dispersion. Density functional theory calculations show that chromium reduces Ms by entering the lattice antiferromagnetically; it also increases scattering in the majority spin channel, while adding almost insignificant scattering to the minority channel.",

author = "Alex Devonport and Alena Vishina and R.K. Singh and Matthew Edwards and Kaiwen Zheng and John Domenico and N.D. Rizzo and Cameron Kopas and {van Schilfgaarde}, Mark and N. Newman",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.03.054",

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AU - Devonport, Alex

AU - Vishina, Alena

AU - Singh, R.K.

AU - Edwards, Matthew

AU - Zheng, Kaiwen

AU - Domenico, John

AU - Rizzo, N.D.

AU - Kopas, Cameron

AU - van Schilfgaarde, Mark

AU - Newman, N.

PY - 2018/8/15

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N2 - This paper investigates the properties of thin films of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 (Permalloy) that could potentially be useful in future low-power magnetic memory technologies. The addition of chromium reduces the saturation magnetization, Ms, which is useful for low-energy switching, but does not significantly degrade the excellent switching properties of the host material even down to 10 K, the lowest temperature measured, in films as thin as 2.5 nm. As an example, an alloy film composed of 15% chromium and 85% Ni80Fe20 has an Ms just over half that of pure Ni80Fe20, with a coercivity Hc less than 4 Oe, an anisotropy field Hk less than 1 Oe, and a remanent squareness Mr/Ms of 0.8 (where Mr is the remanent magnetization). Magnetodynamical measurements using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer showed that the average Landau Lifshitz damping λ was relatively constant with changing Cr content, but increased significantly for thinner films (λ ≈150 MHz for 11 nm, λ≈250 MHz for 2.5 nm), and at low bias fields likely due to increased magnetic dispersion. Density functional theory calculations show that chromium reduces Ms by entering the lattice antiferromagnetically; it also increases scattering in the majority spin channel, while adding almost insignificant scattering to the minority channel.

AB - This paper investigates the properties of thin films of chromium-doped Ni80Fe20 (Permalloy) that could potentially be useful in future low-power magnetic memory technologies. The addition of chromium reduces the saturation magnetization, Ms, which is useful for low-energy switching, but does not significantly degrade the excellent switching properties of the host material even down to 10 K, the lowest temperature measured, in films as thin as 2.5 nm. As an example, an alloy film composed of 15% chromium and 85% Ni80Fe20 has an Ms just over half that of pure Ni80Fe20, with a coercivity Hc less than 4 Oe, an anisotropy field Hk less than 1 Oe, and a remanent squareness Mr/Ms of 0.8 (where Mr is the remanent magnetization). Magnetodynamical measurements using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer showed that the average Landau Lifshitz damping λ was relatively constant with changing Cr content, but increased significantly for thinner films (λ ≈150 MHz for 11 nm, λ≈250 MHz for 2.5 nm), and at low bias fields likely due to increased magnetic dispersion. Density functional theory calculations show that chromium reduces Ms by entering the lattice antiferromagnetically; it also increases scattering in the majority spin channel, while adding almost insignificant scattering to the minority channel.

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Magnetic Properties of chromium-doped Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ thin films

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