Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping

Iryna Culpin; Gemma Hammerton; Marc H. Bornstein; Jon Heron; Jonathan Evans; Tim Cadman; Hannah M. Sallis; Kate Tilling; Alan Stein; Alex S.F. Kwong; Rebecca M. Pearson

doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping

Iryna Culpin^*, Gemma Hammerton, Marc H. Bornstein, Jon Heron, Jonathan Evans, Tim Cadman, Hannah M. Sallis, Kate Tilling, Alan Stein, Alex S.F. Kwong, Rebecca M. Pearson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [ B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for ( B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding ( B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying ( B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012). Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.

Original language	English
Article number	187
Journal	Wellcome Open Research
Volume	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

ALSPAC
Maternal postnatal depression
Offspring depression; maternal early nurturing parenting behaviours
Population-based study

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

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Culpin, I., Hammerton, G., Bornstein, M. H., Heron, J., Evans, J., Cadman, T., Sallis, H. M., Tilling, K., Stein, A., Kwong, A. S. F., & Pearson, R. M. (2022). Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping. Wellcome Open Research, 6, [187]. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

@article{c522f00e8dbd4f83a126e57dad42b604,

title = "Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping",

abstract = "Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [ B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for ( B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding ( B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying ( B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012). Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.",

keywords = "ALSPAC, Maternal postnatal depression, Offspring depression; maternal early nurturing parenting behaviours, Population-based study",

author = "Iryna Culpin and Gemma Hammerton and Bornstein, {Marc H.} and Jon Heron and Jonathan Evans and Tim Cadman and Sallis, {Hannah M.} and Kate Tilling and Alan Stein and Kwong, {Alex S.F.} and Pearson, {Rebecca M.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Culpin I et al.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

journal = "Wellcome Open Research",

issn = "2398-502X",

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Culpin, I, Hammerton, G, Bornstein, MH, Heron, J, Evans, J, Cadman, T, Sallis, HM, Tilling, K, Stein, A, Kwong, ASF & Pearson, RM 2022, 'Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping', Wellcome Open Research, vol. 6, 187. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

TY - JOUR

T1 - Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort

T2 - The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping

AU - Culpin, Iryna

AU - Hammerton, Gemma

AU - Bornstein, Marc H.

AU - Heron, Jon

AU - Evans, Jonathan

AU - Cadman, Tim

AU - Sallis, Hannah M.

AU - Tilling, Kate

AU - Stein, Alan

AU - Kwong, Alex S.F.

AU - Pearson, Rebecca M.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [ B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for ( B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding ( B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying ( B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012). Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.

AB - Background: Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. Methods: We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: The fully adjusted model revealed an indirect effect from PND to adult offspring depression through the combination of all parenting factors (probit regression coefficient [ B]=0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.005, 0.071); however, there was no evidence of a direct effect from early maternal PND to offspring depression once the indirect effect via parenting factors was accounted for ( B=0.009, 95%CI -0.075, 0.093). Specificity analyses revealed indirect effects through maternal worries about feeding ( B=0.019, 95%CI 0.003, 0.035, p=0.010) and maternal perceptions and responses to crying ( B=0.018, 95%CI 0.004, 0.032, p=0.012). Conclusions: The adverse impact of maternal PND on offspring depression in early adulthood was explained by maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping in early childhood. Residual confounding and measurement error likely limit reliable conclusions. If found causal, interventions providing support to reduce worries around maternal nurturing behaviours and treating depression could reduce adverse outcomes in adult offspring of depressed mothers.

KW - ALSPAC

KW - Maternal postnatal depression

KW - Offspring depression; maternal early nurturing parenting behaviours

KW - Population-based study

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U2 - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

DO - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17006.2

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85140775136

SN - 2398-502X

VL - 6

JO - Wellcome Open Research

JF - Wellcome Open Research

M1 - 187

ER -

Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: The mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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