Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Hasan Türkez; Mehmet Enes Arslan; Arzu Tatar; Özlem Özdemir; Erdal Sönmez; Kenan Çadirci; Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu; Bahattin Ceylan; Metin Açikyildiz; Cigdem Yuce Kahraman; Fatime Geyikoğlu; Abdulgani Tatar; Adil Mardinoglu

doi:10.3390/ma15072359

Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Hasan Türkez, Mehmet Enes Arslan, Arzu Tatar, Özlem Özdemir, Erdal Sönmez, Kenan Çadirci, Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu, Bahattin Ceylan, Metin Açikyildiz, Cigdem Yuce Kahraman, Fatime Geyikoğlu, Abdulgani Tatar, Adil Mardinoglu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Titanium diboride (TiB₂ ) and zinc borate (Zn₃BO₆ ) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB₂ and Zn₃BO₆ are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB₂ and Zn₃BO₆ nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB₂ and Zn₃BO₆ NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB₂ NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn₃BO₆ NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB₂ NPs application. Zn₃BO₆ NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB₂ and Zn₃BO₆ NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.

Original language	English
Article number	2359
Journal	Materials
Volume	15
Issue number	7
Early online date	22 Mar 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072359
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2022

Keywords

human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures
in vitro
nanoparticles
titanium diboride
toxicogenomic responses
zinc borate

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10.3390/ma15072359

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Türkez, H., Arslan, M. E., Tatar, A., Özdemir, Ö., Sönmez, E., Çadirci, K., Hacimüftüoğlu, A., Ceylan, B., Açikyildiz, M., Kahraman, C. Y., Geyikoğlu, F., Tatar, A., & Mardinoglu, A. (2022). Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Materials, 15(7), Article 2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072359

@article{0a9571fff7ff4185ba4577bc91f7ccdf,

title = "Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells",

abstract = "Titanium diboride (TiB2 ) and zinc borate (Zn3BO6 ) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB2 NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn3BO6 NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB2 NPs application. Zn3BO6 NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.",

keywords = "human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures, in vitro, nanoparticles, titanium diboride, toxicogenomic responses, zinc borate",

author = "Hasan T{\"u}rkez and Arslan, {Mehmet Enes} and Arzu Tatar and {\"O}zlem {\"O}zdemir and Erdal S{\"o}nmez and Kenan {\c C}adirci and Ahmet Hacim{\"u}ft{\"u}oğlu and Bahattin Ceylan and Metin A{\c c}ikyildiz and Kahraman, {Cigdem Yuce} and Fatime Geyikoğlu and Abdulgani Tatar and Adil Mardinoglu",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: The National Boron Research Institute (BOREN) supported this research with Grant No: {\c C}0391. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/ma15072359",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

journal = "Materials",

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Türkez, H, Arslan, ME, Tatar, A, Özdemir, Ö, Sönmez, E, Çadirci, K, Hacimüftüoğlu, A, Ceylan, B, Açikyildiz, M, Kahraman, CY, Geyikoğlu, F, Tatar, A & Mardinoglu, A 2022, 'Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells', Materials, vol. 15, no. 7, 2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072359

TY - JOUR

T1 - Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells

AU - Türkez, Hasan

AU - Arslan, Mehmet Enes

AU - Tatar, Arzu

AU - Özdemir, Özlem

AU - Sönmez, Erdal

AU - Çadirci, Kenan

AU - Hacimüftüoğlu, Ahmet

AU - Ceylan, Bahattin

AU - Açikyildiz, Metin

AU - Kahraman, Cigdem Yuce

AU - Geyikoğlu, Fatime

AU - Tatar, Abdulgani

AU - Mardinoglu, Adil

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The National Boron Research Institute (BOREN) supported this research with Grant No: Ç0391. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/4/1

Y1 - 2022/4/1

N2 - Titanium diboride (TiB2 ) and zinc borate (Zn3BO6 ) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB2 NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn3BO6 NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB2 NPs application. Zn3BO6 NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.

AB - Titanium diboride (TiB2 ) and zinc borate (Zn3BO6 ) have been utilized in wide spectrum industrial areas because of their favorable properties such as a high melting point, good wear resistance, high hardness and thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the biomedical potentials of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 are still unknown because there is no comprehensive analysis that uncovers their biocompatibility features. Thus, the toxicogenomic properties of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures (HPAEpiC) by using different cell viability assays and microarray analyses. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Functional Enrichment Analysis (STRING) was used to associate differentially expressed gene probes. According to the results, up to 10 mg/L concentration of TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs application did not stimulate a cytotoxic effect on the HPAEpiC cell cultures. Microarray analysis revealed that TiB2 NPs exposure enhances cellular adhesion molecules, proteases and carrier protein expression. Furthermore, Zn3BO6 NPs caused differential gene expressions in the cell cycle, cell division and extracellular matrix regulators. Finally, STRING analyses put forth that inflammation, cell regeneration and tissue repair-related gene interactions were affected by TiB2 NPs application. Zn3BO6 NPs exposure significantly altered inflammation, lipid metabolism and infection response activator-related gene interactions. These investigations illustrated that TiB2 and Zn3BO6 NPs exposure may affect different aspects of cellular machineries such as immunogenic responses, tissue regeneration and cell survival. Thus, these types of cellular mechanisms should be taken into account before the use of the related NPs in further biomedical applications.

KW - human primary alveolar epithelial cell cultures

KW - in vitro

KW - nanoparticles

KW - titanium diboride

KW - toxicogenomic responses

KW - zinc borate

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U2 - 10.3390/ma15072359

DO - 10.3390/ma15072359

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85127580451

SN - 1996-1944

VL - 15

JO - Materials

JF - Materials

IS - 7

M1 - 2359

ER -

Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells

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