Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation

Steve D. Lukito; Owen G. O'Daly; David J. Lythgoe; Susannah Whitwell; Amanda Debnam; Clodagh M. Murphy; Karen Ashwood; Vladimira Stoencheva; Emily Simonoff; Katya Rubia

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569

Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation

Steve D. Lukito^*, Owen G. O'Daly, David J. Lythgoe, Susannah Whitwell, Amanda Debnam, Clodagh M. Murphy, Karen Ashwood, Vladimira Stoencheva, Emily Simonoff, Katya Rubia

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.

Original language	English
Article number	569
Journal	Frontiers in Psychiatry
Volume	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569
Publication status	Published - 14 Nov 2018

Keywords

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
comorbidity
duration discrimination
functional magnetic resonance imaging
neurodevelopment disorder
time estimation

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Neural Correlates of Duration_LUKITO_Published14Noevember2018_GOLD VoR (CC BY)Final published version, 1.45 MBLicence: CC BY

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Lukito, S. D., O'Daly, O. G., Lythgoe, D. J., Whitwell, S., Debnam, A., Murphy, C. M., Ashwood, K., Stoencheva, V., Simonoff, E., & Rubia, K. (2018). Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, [569]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569

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title = "Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation",

abstract = "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.",

keywords = "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), comorbidity, duration discrimination, functional magnetic resonance imaging, neurodevelopment disorder, time estimation",

author = "Lukito, {Steve D.} and O'Daly, {Owen G.} and Lythgoe, {David J.} and Susannah Whitwell and Amanda Debnam and Murphy, {Clodagh M.} and Karen Ashwood and Vladimira Stoencheva and Emily Simonoff and Katya Rubia",

note = "Funding Information: This study is supported by funding from the UK Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and the IoPPN, King's College London, which also support both senior authors, ES and KR. SL was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) PhD Excellence awards. KR and SL are currently supported by an MRC Grant MR/P012647/1 to KR. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. We thank the young adults and families who took part in this study and the Adult ADHD and ASD Service at South London and Maudsley Hospital (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust for their support in this study. With thanks to Siobhan Higgins, Teresa Schenk, and Mavis Nyakunengwa for their help with participant recruitment and to Allison Cooper and the neuroimaging team for their support with the imaging data acquisition. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 Lukito, O'Daly, Lythgoe, Whitwell, Debnam, Murphy, Ashwood, Stoencheva, Simonoff and Rubia.",

year = "2018",

month = nov,

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doi = "10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569",

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Lukito, SD , O'Daly, OG , Lythgoe, DJ , Whitwell, S, Debnam, A, Murphy, CM , Ashwood, K , Stoencheva, V , Simonoff, E & Rubia, K 2018, 'Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation', Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 9, 569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation

AU - Lukito, Steve D.

AU - O'Daly, Owen G.

AU - Lythgoe, David J.

AU - Whitwell, Susannah

AU - Debnam, Amanda

AU - Murphy, Clodagh M.

AU - Ashwood, Karen

AU - Stoencheva, Vladimira

AU - Simonoff, Emily

AU - Rubia, Katya

N1 - Funding Information: This study is supported by funding from the UK Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and the IoPPN, King's College London, which also support both senior authors, ES and KR. SL was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) PhD Excellence awards. KR and SL are currently supported by an MRC Grant MR/P012647/1 to KR. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. We thank the young adults and families who took part in this study and the Adult ADHD and ASD Service at South London and Maudsley Hospital (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust for their support in this study. With thanks to Siobhan Higgins, Teresa Schenk, and Mavis Nyakunengwa for their help with participant recruitment and to Allison Cooper and the neuroimaging team for their support with the imaging data acquisition. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2018 Lukito, O'Daly, Lythgoe, Whitwell, Debnam, Murphy, Ashwood, Stoencheva, Simonoff and Rubia.

PY - 2018/11/14

Y1 - 2018/11/14

N2 - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.

AB - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.

KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

KW - autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

KW - comorbidity

KW - duration discrimination

KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging

KW - neurodevelopment disorder

KW - time estimation

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U2 - 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569

DO - 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569

M3 - Article

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SN - 1664-0640

VL - 9

JO - Frontiers in Psychiatry

JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry

M1 - 569

ER -

Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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