Neural dysfunction during temporal discounting in paediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neural dysfunction during temporal discounting in paediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

AU - Norman, Luke J.

AU - Carlisi, Christina O.

AU - Christakou, Anastasia

AU - Chantiluke, Kaylita

AU - Murphy, Clodagh

AU - Simmons, Andrew

AU - Giampietro, Vincent

AU - Brammer, Michael

AU - Mataix-Cols, David

AU - Rubia, Katya

PY - 2017/11/30

Y1 - 2017/11/30

N2 - Both Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are associated with choice impulsivity, i.e. the tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards. However, the extent to which this impulsivity is mediated by shared or distinct underlying neural mechanisms is unclear. Twenty-six boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD and 20 matched controls (aged 12–18) completed an fMRI version of an individually adjusted temporal discounting (TD) task which requires choosing between a variable amount of money now or £100 in one week, one month or one year. Activations to immediate and delayed reward choices were compared between groups using a three-way ANCOVA. ADHD patients had steeper discounting rates on the task relative to controls and at a trend-level relative to OCD patients. OCD patients did not differ from controls. Patients with ADHD and OCD showed predominantly shared activation deficits during TD in fronto-striato-insular-cerebellar regions responsible for self-control and temporal foresight, suggesting that choice impulsivity is mediated by overlapping neural dysfunctions in both disorders. OCD patients alone showed dysfunction relative to controls in right orbitofrontal and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, extending previous findings in these regions in OCD during cognitive control tasks to the domain of choice impulsiveness.

AB - Both Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are associated with choice impulsivity, i.e. the tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards. However, the extent to which this impulsivity is mediated by shared or distinct underlying neural mechanisms is unclear. Twenty-six boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD and 20 matched controls (aged 12–18) completed an fMRI version of an individually adjusted temporal discounting (TD) task which requires choosing between a variable amount of money now or £100 in one week, one month or one year. Activations to immediate and delayed reward choices were compared between groups using a three-way ANCOVA. ADHD patients had steeper discounting rates on the task relative to controls and at a trend-level relative to OCD patients. OCD patients did not differ from controls. Patients with ADHD and OCD showed predominantly shared activation deficits during TD in fronto-striato-insular-cerebellar regions responsible for self-control and temporal foresight, suggesting that choice impulsivity is mediated by overlapping neural dysfunctions in both disorders. OCD patients alone showed dysfunction relative to controls in right orbitofrontal and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, extending previous findings in these regions in OCD during cognitive control tasks to the domain of choice impulsiveness.

KW - ADHD

KW - OCD

KW - fMRI

KW - discounting

KW - reward

KW - impulsivity

U2 - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.008

DO - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.008

M3 - Article

SN - 0925-4927

VL - 269

SP - 97

EP - 105

JO - Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging

JF - Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging

ER -