TY - JOUR
T1 - Noninvasive hemodynamic indices of vascular aging
T2 - an in silico assessment
AU - Hong, Jingyuan
AU - Nandi, Manasi
AU - Charlton, Peter H
AU - Alastruey, Jordi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by British Heart Foundation Grants PG/15/104/31913 and FS/20/20/34626, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Grant EP/T517963/1, and Department of Health through the National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular MedTech Co-operative at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust Grant MIC-2016-019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors.
PY - 2023/12/1
Y1 - 2023/12/1
N2 - Vascular aging (VA) involves structural and functional changes in blood vessels that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Several noninvasive pulse wave (PW) indices have been proposed to assess the arterial stiffness component of VA in the clinic and daily life. This study investigated 19 of these indices, identified in recent review articles on VA, by using a database comprising 3,837 virtual healthy subjects aged 25–75 yr, each with unique PW signals simulated under various levels of artificial noise to mimic real measurement errors. For each subject, VA indices were calculated from filtered PW signals and compared with the precise theoretical value of aortic Young’s modulus (E
Ao). In silico PW indices showed age-related changes that align with in vivo population studies. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and all pulse wave velocity (PWV) indices showed strong linear correlations with E
Ao (Pearson’s r
p > 0.95). Carotid distensibility showed a strong negative nonlinear correlation (Spearman’s r
s < -0.99). CAVI and distensibility exhibited greater resilience to noise compared with PWV indices. Blood pressure-related indices and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based indices showed weaker correlations with E
Ao (r
p and r
s < 0.89, j r
p j and j r
s j < 0.84, respectively). Overall, blood pressure-related indices were confounded by more cardiovascular properties (heart rate, stroke volume, duration of systole, large artery diameter, and/or peripheral vascular resistance) compared with other studied indices, and PPG-based indices were most affected by noise. In conclusion, carotid-femoral PWV, CAVI and carotid distensibility emerged as the superior clinical VA indicators, with a strong E
Ao correlation and noise resilience. PPG-based indices showed potential for daily VA monitoring under minimized noise disturbances.
AB - Vascular aging (VA) involves structural and functional changes in blood vessels that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Several noninvasive pulse wave (PW) indices have been proposed to assess the arterial stiffness component of VA in the clinic and daily life. This study investigated 19 of these indices, identified in recent review articles on VA, by using a database comprising 3,837 virtual healthy subjects aged 25–75 yr, each with unique PW signals simulated under various levels of artificial noise to mimic real measurement errors. For each subject, VA indices were calculated from filtered PW signals and compared with the precise theoretical value of aortic Young’s modulus (E
Ao). In silico PW indices showed age-related changes that align with in vivo population studies. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and all pulse wave velocity (PWV) indices showed strong linear correlations with E
Ao (Pearson’s r
p > 0.95). Carotid distensibility showed a strong negative nonlinear correlation (Spearman’s r
s < -0.99). CAVI and distensibility exhibited greater resilience to noise compared with PWV indices. Blood pressure-related indices and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based indices showed weaker correlations with E
Ao (r
p and r
s < 0.89, j r
p j and j r
s j < 0.84, respectively). Overall, blood pressure-related indices were confounded by more cardiovascular properties (heart rate, stroke volume, duration of systole, large artery diameter, and/or peripheral vascular resistance) compared with other studied indices, and PPG-based indices were most affected by noise. In conclusion, carotid-femoral PWV, CAVI and carotid distensibility emerged as the superior clinical VA indicators, with a strong E
Ao correlation and noise resilience. PPG-based indices showed potential for daily VA monitoring under minimized noise disturbances.
KW - Humans
KW - Pulse Wave Analysis
KW - Aging/physiology
KW - Hemodynamics
KW - Aorta
KW - Carotid Arteries
KW - Vascular Stiffness/physiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175270512&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/ajpheart.00454.2023
DO - 10.1152/ajpheart.00454.2023
M3 - Article
C2 - 37737734
SN - 0363-6135
VL - 325
SP - H1290-H1303
JO - American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology
JF - American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology
IS - 6
ER -
