Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility: Protocol for an Observational Study

Basak Tas; Will Lawn; Marianne Jauncey; Mark Bartlett; Paul Dietze; Daniel O'Keefe; Nico Clark; Bruce Henderson; Catriona Cowan; Osian Meredith; John Strang

doi:10.2196/57367

Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility: Protocol for an Observational Study

Basak Tas, Will Lawn, Marianne Jauncey, Mark Bartlett, Paul Dietze, Daniel O'Keefe, Nico Clark, Bruce Henderson, Catriona Cowan, Osian Meredith, John Strang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Opioid overdose is a global health crisis, affecting over 27 million individuals worldwide, with more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2022-2023. This protocol outlines the development of the PneumoWave chest biosensor, a wearable device being designed to detect respiratory depression in real time through chest motion measurement, intending to enhance early intervention and thereby reduce fatalities. Objective: The study aims to (1) differentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) from nonfatal opioid use patterns to develop and refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) examine participants’ acceptability of the chest biosensor. Methods: The study adopts an observational design over a 6-month period. The biosensor, a small device, will be worn by consenting participants during injecting events to capture chest motion data. Safe injecting facilities (SIF) in Melbourne, Victoria (site 1), and Sydney, New South Wales (site 2), which are legally sanctioned spaces where individuals can use preobtained illicit drugs under medical supervision. Each site is anticipated to recruit up to 100 participants who inject opioids and attend the SIF. Participants will wear the biosensor during supervised injecting events at both sites. The biosensor will attempt to capture data on an anticipated 40 adverse drug events. The biosensor’s ability to detect OIRD will be compared to the staff-identified events that use standard protocols for managing overdoses. Measurements will include (1) chest wall movement measured by the biosensor, securely streamed to a cloud, and analyzed to refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) acute events or potential overdose identified by site staff. Acceptability will be measured by a feedback questionnaire as many times as the participant is willing to throughout the study. Results: As of April 2024, a total of 47 participants have been enrolled and data from 1145 injecting events have already been collected, including 10 overdose events. This consists of 17 females and 30 males with an average age of 45 years. Data analysis is ongoing. Conclusions: This protocol establishes a foundation for advancing wearable technology in opioid overdose prevention within SIFs. The study will provide chest wall movement data and associated overdose data that will be used to train an algorithm that allows the biosensor to detect an overdose. The study will contribute crucial insights into OIRD, emphasizing the biosensor’s potential step forward in real-time intervention strategies.

Original language	English
Article number	e57367
Journal	JMIR research protocols
Volume	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2196/57367
Publication status	Published - 10 Sept 2024

Keywords

Humans
Wearable Electronic Devices
Male
Female
Drug Overdose/diagnosis
Opiate Overdose/epidemiology
Adult
Middle Aged
Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation
Observational Studies as Topic
New South Wales/epidemiology
Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.2196/57367

JMIR-ODSEENprotocol-acceptedmanuscript_Tas_2024Accepted author manuscript, 557 KBLicence: CC BY
ODSEEN_protocol_paper_Tas_2024Final published version, 432 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{b3e6c59d7dbf4a7595b6dbc9d1812415,

title = "Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility: Protocol for an Observational Study",

abstract = "Background: Opioid overdose is a global health crisis, affecting over 27 million individuals worldwide, with more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2022-2023. This protocol outlines the development of the PneumoWave chest biosensor, a wearable device being designed to detect respiratory depression in real time through chest motion measurement, intending to enhance early intervention and thereby reduce fatalities. Objective: The study aims to (1) differentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) from nonfatal opioid use patterns to develop and refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) examine participants{\textquoteright} acceptability of the chest biosensor. Methods: The study adopts an observational design over a 6-month period. The biosensor, a small device, will be worn by consenting participants during injecting events to capture chest motion data. Safe injecting facilities (SIF) in Melbourne, Victoria (site 1), and Sydney, New South Wales (site 2), which are legally sanctioned spaces where individuals can use preobtained illicit drugs under medical supervision. Each site is anticipated to recruit up to 100 participants who inject opioids and attend the SIF. Participants will wear the biosensor during supervised injecting events at both sites. The biosensor will attempt to capture data on an anticipated 40 adverse drug events. The biosensor{\textquoteright}s ability to detect OIRD will be compared to the staff-identified events that use standard protocols for managing overdoses. Measurements will include (1) chest wall movement measured by the biosensor, securely streamed to a cloud, and analyzed to refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) acute events or potential overdose identified by site staff. Acceptability will be measured by a feedback questionnaire as many times as the participant is willing to throughout the study. Results: As of April 2024, a total of 47 participants have been enrolled and data from 1145 injecting events have already been collected, including 10 overdose events. This consists of 17 females and 30 males with an average age of 45 years. Data analysis is ongoing. Conclusions: This protocol establishes a foundation for advancing wearable technology in opioid overdose prevention within SIFs. The study will provide chest wall movement data and associated overdose data that will be used to train an algorithm that allows the biosensor to detect an overdose. The study will contribute crucial insights into OIRD, emphasizing the biosensor{\textquoteright}s potential step forward in real-time intervention strategies.",

keywords = "Humans, Wearable Electronic Devices, Male, Female, Drug Overdose/diagnosis, Opiate Overdose/epidemiology, Adult, Middle Aged, Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects, Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation, Observational Studies as Topic, New South Wales/epidemiology, Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis",

author = "Basak Tas and Will Lawn and Marianne Jauncey and Mark Bartlett and Paul Dietze and Daniel O'Keefe and Nico Clark and Bruce Henderson and Catriona Cowan and Osian Meredith and John Strang",

note = "{\textcopyright}Basak Tas, Will Lawn, Marianne Jauncey, Mark Bartlett, Paul Dietze, Daniel O'Keefe, Nico Clark, Bruce Henderson, Catriona Cowan, Osian Meredith, John Strang. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 10.09.2024.",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "10",

doi = "10.2196/57367",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "JMIR research protocols",

issn = "1929-0748",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility

T2 - Protocol for an Observational Study

AU - Tas, Basak

AU - Lawn, Will

AU - Jauncey, Marianne

AU - Bartlett, Mark

AU - Dietze, Paul

AU - O'Keefe, Daniel

AU - Clark, Nico

AU - Henderson, Bruce

AU - Cowan, Catriona

AU - Meredith, Osian

AU - Strang, John

N1 - ©Basak Tas, Will Lawn, Marianne Jauncey, Mark Bartlett, Paul Dietze, Daniel O'Keefe, Nico Clark, Bruce Henderson, Catriona Cowan, Osian Meredith, John Strang. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 10.09.2024.

PY - 2024/9/10

Y1 - 2024/9/10

N2 - Background: Opioid overdose is a global health crisis, affecting over 27 million individuals worldwide, with more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2022-2023. This protocol outlines the development of the PneumoWave chest biosensor, a wearable device being designed to detect respiratory depression in real time through chest motion measurement, intending to enhance early intervention and thereby reduce fatalities. Objective: The study aims to (1) differentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) from nonfatal opioid use patterns to develop and refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) examine participants’ acceptability of the chest biosensor. Methods: The study adopts an observational design over a 6-month period. The biosensor, a small device, will be worn by consenting participants during injecting events to capture chest motion data. Safe injecting facilities (SIF) in Melbourne, Victoria (site 1), and Sydney, New South Wales (site 2), which are legally sanctioned spaces where individuals can use preobtained illicit drugs under medical supervision. Each site is anticipated to recruit up to 100 participants who inject opioids and attend the SIF. Participants will wear the biosensor during supervised injecting events at both sites. The biosensor will attempt to capture data on an anticipated 40 adverse drug events. The biosensor’s ability to detect OIRD will be compared to the staff-identified events that use standard protocols for managing overdoses. Measurements will include (1) chest wall movement measured by the biosensor, securely streamed to a cloud, and analyzed to refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) acute events or potential overdose identified by site staff. Acceptability will be measured by a feedback questionnaire as many times as the participant is willing to throughout the study. Results: As of April 2024, a total of 47 participants have been enrolled and data from 1145 injecting events have already been collected, including 10 overdose events. This consists of 17 females and 30 males with an average age of 45 years. Data analysis is ongoing. Conclusions: This protocol establishes a foundation for advancing wearable technology in opioid overdose prevention within SIFs. The study will provide chest wall movement data and associated overdose data that will be used to train an algorithm that allows the biosensor to detect an overdose. The study will contribute crucial insights into OIRD, emphasizing the biosensor’s potential step forward in real-time intervention strategies.

AB - Background: Opioid overdose is a global health crisis, affecting over 27 million individuals worldwide, with more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2022-2023. This protocol outlines the development of the PneumoWave chest biosensor, a wearable device being designed to detect respiratory depression in real time through chest motion measurement, intending to enhance early intervention and thereby reduce fatalities. Objective: The study aims to (1) differentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) from nonfatal opioid use patterns to develop and refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) examine participants’ acceptability of the chest biosensor. Methods: The study adopts an observational design over a 6-month period. The biosensor, a small device, will be worn by consenting participants during injecting events to capture chest motion data. Safe injecting facilities (SIF) in Melbourne, Victoria (site 1), and Sydney, New South Wales (site 2), which are legally sanctioned spaces where individuals can use preobtained illicit drugs under medical supervision. Each site is anticipated to recruit up to 100 participants who inject opioids and attend the SIF. Participants will wear the biosensor during supervised injecting events at both sites. The biosensor will attempt to capture data on an anticipated 40 adverse drug events. The biosensor’s ability to detect OIRD will be compared to the staff-identified events that use standard protocols for managing overdoses. Measurements will include (1) chest wall movement measured by the biosensor, securely streamed to a cloud, and analyzed to refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) acute events or potential overdose identified by site staff. Acceptability will be measured by a feedback questionnaire as many times as the participant is willing to throughout the study. Results: As of April 2024, a total of 47 participants have been enrolled and data from 1145 injecting events have already been collected, including 10 overdose events. This consists of 17 females and 30 males with an average age of 45 years. Data analysis is ongoing. Conclusions: This protocol establishes a foundation for advancing wearable technology in opioid overdose prevention within SIFs. The study will provide chest wall movement data and associated overdose data that will be used to train an algorithm that allows the biosensor to detect an overdose. The study will contribute crucial insights into OIRD, emphasizing the biosensor’s potential step forward in real-time intervention strategies.

KW - Humans

KW - Wearable Electronic Devices

KW - Male

KW - Female

KW - Drug Overdose/diagnosis

KW - Opiate Overdose/epidemiology

KW - Adult

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects

KW - Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation

KW - Observational Studies as Topic

KW - New South Wales/epidemiology

KW - Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis

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U2 - 10.2196/57367

DO - 10.2196/57367

M3 - Article

C2 - 39255471

SN - 1929-0748

VL - 13

JO - JMIR research protocols

JF - JMIR research protocols

M1 - e57367

ER -

Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility: Protocol for an Observational Study

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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