Palaeoglacier reconstruction and dynamics of Cordillera Vilcanota in the tropical high Peruvian Andes

TY - JOUR

T1 - Palaeoglacier reconstruction and dynamics of Cordillera Vilcanota in the tropical high Peruvian Andes

AU - Davies, Bethan

AU - Gribbin, Tom

AU - King, Owen

AU - Matthews, Tom

AU - Baiker, Jan R.

AU - Buytaert, Wouter

AU - Carrivick, Jonathan

AU - Drenkhan, Fabian

AU - García, Juan Luis

AU - Montoya, Nilton

AU - Perry, L. Baker

AU - Ely, Jeremy

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2026/2

Y1 - 2026/2

N2 - Tropical glaciers are important indicators of climate change, provide freshwater resources for downstream communities, and form an important component of the hydrological cycle. Understanding the dynamics and patterns of behaviour of tropical palaeoglaciers is important for interpreting their sensitivities and vulnerabilities. Glacier advances in the high tropical Peruvian Andes occurred multiple times during the last glacial cycle and Holocene, leaving complex geomorphological evidence on the landscape. The substantial topographic, geological and climatic variability in this region leads to high geomorphic diversity. However, few detailed geomorphological studies have been conducted to date, leading to considerable uncertainty in the behaviours and drivers of tropical palaeoglaciers. Here, we provide a detailed geomorphological analysis of the Cordillera Vilcanota, Cusco region, southern Peru (71°W, 13.7°S), and use morphostratigraphic principles to reconstruct the former maximum icefield extent and palaeoglacier advances. Across this domain, we mapped ~23,000 features encompassing five key environments: glacier, subglacial, ice-marginal, fluvial and lacustrine. The mapped features show evidence of both modern-day polythermal and temperate ice margins, with low meltwater volumes leading to small-scale glaciofluvial landform formation. However, larger moraines, beyond those well-dated to the Younger Dryas and Antarctic Cold Reversal, assumed to represent Last Glacial Maximum and earlier advances, suggest that conditions were temperate and drained by more substantial rivers, with coupled flow of ice and till, and evidence of subglacial scouring, drumlin formation and the deposition of substantial moraines and large palaeosandar. Our reconstructed maximum icefield covers 2,660 km2 and was drained by multiple topographically constrained ice lobes across the region. In the north, these ice lobes reached an elevation of 3,500 m asl, but were limited to above 4,500 m asl in the south, likely reflecting the dominant moisture sources. Our geomorphological mapping reveals seven clear ice margins, morphostratigraphically correlated across the study region, reflecting at least seven palaeoglacier advances during the last glacial cycle, including the Late Glacial period and the Holocene.

AB - Tropical glaciers are important indicators of climate change, provide freshwater resources for downstream communities, and form an important component of the hydrological cycle. Understanding the dynamics and patterns of behaviour of tropical palaeoglaciers is important for interpreting their sensitivities and vulnerabilities. Glacier advances in the high tropical Peruvian Andes occurred multiple times during the last glacial cycle and Holocene, leaving complex geomorphological evidence on the landscape. The substantial topographic, geological and climatic variability in this region leads to high geomorphic diversity. However, few detailed geomorphological studies have been conducted to date, leading to considerable uncertainty in the behaviours and drivers of tropical palaeoglaciers. Here, we provide a detailed geomorphological analysis of the Cordillera Vilcanota, Cusco region, southern Peru (71°W, 13.7°S), and use morphostratigraphic principles to reconstruct the former maximum icefield extent and palaeoglacier advances. Across this domain, we mapped ~23,000 features encompassing five key environments: glacier, subglacial, ice-marginal, fluvial and lacustrine. The mapped features show evidence of both modern-day polythermal and temperate ice margins, with low meltwater volumes leading to small-scale glaciofluvial landform formation. However, larger moraines, beyond those well-dated to the Younger Dryas and Antarctic Cold Reversal, assumed to represent Last Glacial Maximum and earlier advances, suggest that conditions were temperate and drained by more substantial rivers, with coupled flow of ice and till, and evidence of subglacial scouring, drumlin formation and the deposition of substantial moraines and large palaeosandar. Our reconstructed maximum icefield covers 2,660 km2 and was drained by multiple topographically constrained ice lobes across the region. In the north, these ice lobes reached an elevation of 3,500 m asl, but were limited to above 4,500 m asl in the south, likely reflecting the dominant moisture sources. Our geomorphological mapping reveals seven clear ice margins, morphostratigraphically correlated across the study region, reflecting at least seven palaeoglacier advances during the last glacial cycle, including the Late Glacial period and the Holocene.

KW - Andes

KW - Geomorphology

KW - Glacier

KW - Peru

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105029159742

U2 - 10.1002/esp.70246

DO - 10.1002/esp.70246

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105029159742

SN - 0197-9337

VL - 51

JO - EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS

JF - EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS

IS - 2

M1 - e70246

ER -