Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study

COVID-CNS Study Group; Rajish S.K. Shil; Adam Seed; Nkongho Egbe Franklyn; Brendan F. Sargent; Greta K. Wood; Yun Huang; Katherine C. Dodd; James B. Lilleker; Thomas A. Pollak; Sylviane Defres; Thomas M. Jenkins; Nicholas W.S. Davies; David A. Cousins; Michael S. Zandi; Thomas A. Jackson; Laura A. Benjamin; Ava Easton; Tom Solomon; John R. Bradley; Patrick F. Chinnery; Craig J. Smith; Timothy R. Nicholson; Alan Carson; Rhys H. Thomas; Mark Alexander Ellul; Nicholas W. Wood; Gerome Breen; Benedict Daniel Michael

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0

Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study

COVID-CNS Study Group, Rajish S.K. Shil, Adam Seed, Nkongho Egbe Franklyn, Brendan F. Sargent, Greta K. Wood, Yun Huang, Katherine C. Dodd, James B. Lilleker, Thomas A. Pollak, Sylviane Defres, Thomas M. Jenkins, Nicholas W.S. Davies, David A. Cousins, Michael S. Zandi, Thomas A. Jackson, Laura A. Benjamin, Ava Easton, Tom Solomon, John R. BradleyPatrick F. Chinnery, Craig J. Smith, Timothy R. Nicholson, Alan Carson, Rhys H. Thomas, Mark Alexander Ellul, Nicholas W. Wood, Gerome Breen, Benedict Daniel Michael

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases). Among the 651 patients, [362 (55%) cases and 289 (45%) controls], a higher proportion of cases had impairment in ADLs (199 [68.9%] vs 101 [51.8%], OR 2.06, p < 0.0002) and reported symptoms impacting employment (159 [58.2%] vs 69 [35.6%] OR 2.53, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion with depression or anxiety between case and control groups overall. For cases, impairment of ADLs was associated with increased risk in female sex, age > 50 years and hypertension (OR 5.43, p < 0.003, 3.11, p = 0.02, 3.66, p = 0.04). Those receiving either statins or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a lower risk of impairment in ADLs (OR 0.09, p = 0.0006, 0.17, p = 0.03). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 had worse functional outcomes than those with respiratory COVID-19 alone in terms of ADLs and employment. Female sex, age > 50 years, and hypertension were associated with worse outcomes, and statins or ACE inhibitors with better outcomes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3443
Number of pages	1
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	15
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0
Publication status	Published - 27 Jan 2025

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COVID-CNS Study Group, Shil, R. S. K., Seed, A., Franklyn, N. E., Sargent, B. F., Wood, G. K., Huang, Y., Dodd, K. C., Lilleker, J. B., Pollak, T. A., Defres, S., Jenkins, T. M., Davies, N. W. S., Cousins, D. A., Zandi, M. S., Jackson, T. A., Benjamin, L. A., Easton, A., Solomon, T., ... Michael, B. D. (2025). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 3443. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0

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title = "Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study",

abstract = "It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases). Among the 651 patients, [362 (55%) cases and 289 (45%) controls], a higher proportion of cases had impairment in ADLs (199 [68.9%] vs 101 [51.8%], OR 2.06, p < 0.0002) and reported symptoms impacting employment (159 [58.2%] vs 69 [35.6%] OR 2.53, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion with depression or anxiety between case and control groups overall. For cases, impairment of ADLs was associated with increased risk in female sex, age > 50 years and hypertension (OR 5.43, p < 0.003, 3.11, p = 0.02, 3.66, p = 0.04). Those receiving either statins or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a lower risk of impairment in ADLs (OR 0.09, p = 0.0006, 0.17, p = 0.03). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 had worse functional outcomes than those with respiratory COVID-19 alone in terms of ADLs and employment. Female sex, age > 50 years, and hypertension were associated with worse outcomes, and statins or ACE inhibitors with better outcomes.",

author = "{COVID-CNS Study Group} and Shil, {Rajish S.K.} and Adam Seed and Franklyn, {Nkongho Egbe} and Sargent, {Brendan F.} and Wood, {Greta K.} and Yun Huang and Dodd, {Katherine C.} and Lilleker, {James B.} and Pollak, {Thomas A.} and Sylviane Defres and Jenkins, {Thomas M.} and Davies, {Nicholas W.S.} and Cousins, {David A.} and Zandi, {Michael S.} and Jackson, {Thomas A.} and Benjamin, {Laura A.} and Ava Easton and Tom Solomon and Bradley, {John R.} and Chinnery, {Patrick F.} and Smith, {Craig J.} and Nicholson, {Timothy R.} and Alan Carson and Thomas, {Rhys H.} and Ellul, {Mark Alexander} and Wood, {Nicholas W.} and Gerome Breen and Michael, {Benedict Daniel}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

pages = "3443",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

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COVID-CNS Study Group, Shil, RSK, Seed, A, Franklyn, NE, Sargent, BF, Wood, GK, Huang, Y, Dodd, KC, Lilleker, JB, Pollak, TA, Defres, S, Jenkins, TM, Davies, NWS, Cousins, DA, Zandi, MS, Jackson, TA, Benjamin, LA, Easton, A, Solomon, T, Bradley, JR, Chinnery, PF, Smith, CJ, Nicholson, TR, Carson, A, Thomas, RH, Ellul, MA, Wood, NW, Breen, G & Michael, BD 2025, 'Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study', Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 3443. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes

T2 - COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study

AU - COVID-CNS Study Group

AU - Shil, Rajish S.K.

AU - Seed, Adam

AU - Franklyn, Nkongho Egbe

AU - Sargent, Brendan F.

AU - Wood, Greta K.

AU - Huang, Yun

AU - Dodd, Katherine C.

AU - Lilleker, James B.

AU - Pollak, Thomas A.

AU - Defres, Sylviane

AU - Jenkins, Thomas M.

AU - Davies, Nicholas W.S.

AU - Cousins, David A.

AU - Zandi, Michael S.

AU - Jackson, Thomas A.

AU - Benjamin, Laura A.

AU - Easton, Ava

AU - Solomon, Tom

AU - Bradley, John R.

AU - Chinnery, Patrick F.

AU - Smith, Craig J.

AU - Nicholson, Timothy R.

AU - Carson, Alan

AU - Thomas, Rhys H.

AU - Ellul, Mark Alexander

AU - Wood, Nicholas W.

AU - Breen, Gerome

AU - Michael, Benedict Daniel

PY - 2025/1/27

Y1 - 2025/1/27

N2 - It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases). Among the 651 patients, [362 (55%) cases and 289 (45%) controls], a higher proportion of cases had impairment in ADLs (199 [68.9%] vs 101 [51.8%], OR 2.06, p < 0.0002) and reported symptoms impacting employment (159 [58.2%] vs 69 [35.6%] OR 2.53, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion with depression or anxiety between case and control groups overall. For cases, impairment of ADLs was associated with increased risk in female sex, age > 50 years and hypertension (OR 5.43, p < 0.003, 3.11, p = 0.02, 3.66, p = 0.04). Those receiving either statins or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a lower risk of impairment in ADLs (OR 0.09, p = 0.0006, 0.17, p = 0.03). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 had worse functional outcomes than those with respiratory COVID-19 alone in terms of ADLs and employment. Female sex, age > 50 years, and hypertension were associated with worse outcomes, and statins or ACE inhibitors with better outcomes.

AB - It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases). Among the 651 patients, [362 (55%) cases and 289 (45%) controls], a higher proportion of cases had impairment in ADLs (199 [68.9%] vs 101 [51.8%], OR 2.06, p < 0.0002) and reported symptoms impacting employment (159 [58.2%] vs 69 [35.6%] OR 2.53, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion with depression or anxiety between case and control groups overall. For cases, impairment of ADLs was associated with increased risk in female sex, age > 50 years and hypertension (OR 5.43, p < 0.003, 3.11, p = 0.02, 3.66, p = 0.04). Those receiving either statins or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors had a lower risk of impairment in ADLs (OR 0.09, p = 0.0006, 0.17, p = 0.03). Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 had worse functional outcomes than those with respiratory COVID-19 alone in terms of ADLs and employment. Female sex, age > 50 years, and hypertension were associated with worse outcomes, and statins or ACE inhibitors with better outcomes.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217190454&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0

DO - 10.1038/s41598-024-80833-0

M3 - Article

C2 - 39870668

AN - SCOPUS:85217190454

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 15

SP - 3443

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

IS - 1

ER -

Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study

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