Physical determining factors of the arterial pulse waveform: theoretical analysis and calculation using the 1-D formulation

TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical determining factors of the arterial pulse waveform

T2 - theoretical analysis and calculation using the 1-D formulation

AU - Alastruey, Jordi

AU - Passerini, Tiziano

AU - Formaggia, Luca

AU - Peiro, Joaquim

PY - 2012/12

Y1 - 2012/12

N2 - The shape of the arterial pulse waveform is intimately related to the physical properties of the cardiovascular system. It is clinically relevant to measure those properties that are related to cardiovascular function, such as the local elasticity and viscosity of the arterial wall, total compliance and net peripheral resistance of the systemic arterial tree. Most of these properties cannot be directly measured in vivo, but they can be calculated from pressure, flow and wall displacement measurements that can be obtained in vivo. We carry out a linear analysis of the one-dimensional (1-D) equations of blood flow in Voigt-type visco-elastic vessels to study the effects on pulse wave propagation of blood viscosity, flow inertia, wall visco-elasticity, total arterial compliance, net resistance, peripheral outflow pressure, and flow rate at the aortic root. Based on our analysis, we derive methods to calculate the local elastic and viscous moduli of the arterial wall, and the total arterial compliance, net resistance, time constant and peripheral outflow pressure of the systemic arterial tree from pressure, flow and wall displacement data that can be measured in vivo. Analysis of in vivo data is beyond the scope of this study, and therefore, we verify the results of our linear analysis and assess the accuracy of our estimation methods using pulse waveforms simulated in a nonlinear visco-elastic 1-D model of the larger conduit arteries of the upper body, which includes the circle of Willis in the cerebral circulation.

AB - The shape of the arterial pulse waveform is intimately related to the physical properties of the cardiovascular system. It is clinically relevant to measure those properties that are related to cardiovascular function, such as the local elasticity and viscosity of the arterial wall, total compliance and net peripheral resistance of the systemic arterial tree. Most of these properties cannot be directly measured in vivo, but they can be calculated from pressure, flow and wall displacement measurements that can be obtained in vivo. We carry out a linear analysis of the one-dimensional (1-D) equations of blood flow in Voigt-type visco-elastic vessels to study the effects on pulse wave propagation of blood viscosity, flow inertia, wall visco-elasticity, total arterial compliance, net resistance, peripheral outflow pressure, and flow rate at the aortic root. Based on our analysis, we derive methods to calculate the local elastic and viscous moduli of the arterial wall, and the total arterial compliance, net resistance, time constant and peripheral outflow pressure of the systemic arterial tree from pressure, flow and wall displacement data that can be measured in vivo. Analysis of in vivo data is beyond the scope of this study, and therefore, we verify the results of our linear analysis and assess the accuracy of our estimation methods using pulse waveforms simulated in a nonlinear visco-elastic 1-D model of the larger conduit arteries of the upper body, which includes the circle of Willis in the cerebral circulation.

KW - Circle of Willis

KW - Flow inertia

KW - Nonlinear one-dimensional modelling

KW - Peripheral outflow pressure

KW - Pulse wave propagation

KW - Systemic arteries

KW - Voigt-type visco-elasticity

KW - Wall compliance

KW - Windkessel pressure

U2 - 10.1007/s10665-012-9555-z

DO - 10.1007/s10665-012-9555-z

M3 - Article

SN - 0022-0833

VL - 77

SP - 19

EP - 37

JO - JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

JF - JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

IS - 1

M1 - N/A

ER -