@article{8cc970bd496544a8934414453963dc88,
title = "Prevalence of Persistent Olfactory Disorders in Patients With COVID-19: A Psychophysical Case-Control Study With 1-Year Follow-up",
abstract = "The purpose of this multicenter case-control study was to evaluate a group of patients at least 1 year after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Sniffin{\textquoteright} Sticks tests and to compare the results with a control population to quantify the potential bias introduced by the underlying prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in the general population. The study included 170 cases and 170 controls. In the COVID-19 group, 26.5% of cases had OD (anosmia in 4.7%, hyposmia in 21.8%) versus 3.5% in the control group (6 cases of hyposmia). The TDI score (threshold, discrimination, and identification) in the COVID-19 group was significantly lower than in the control group (32.5 [interquartile range, 29-36.5] vs 36.75 [34-39.5], P <.001). The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group, confirming that this result is not due to the underlying prevalence of OD in the general population.",
keywords = "anosmia, coronavirus, COVID-19, long COVID-19, olfactory, prospective study, PS/QI, SARS-CoV-2, smell",
author = "Vaira, {Luigi Angelo} and Giovanni Salzano and Bon, {Serge Le} and Angelantonio Maglio and Marzia Petrocelli and Younes Steffens and Enrica Ligas and Fabio Maglitto and Lechien, {Jerome R.} and Sven Saussez and Alessandro Vatrella and Salzano, {Francesco Antonio} and Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo and Claire Hopkins and {De Riu}, Giacomo",
note = "Funding Information: Despite the high level of interest of the LWG in having more data, the urgency of funding research was low. Because the area occupied by the sage-grouse was largely private land, no federal funds were available to study the birds. Over the course of years, a compilation of funding sources finally provided suffi cient funds for a 2-year study of the local populations. Funding partners included Summit County, UDWR, Jack H. Berryman Institute, a local grazing cooperative that contributed in-kind effort of a fixed-wing aircraft to assist in locating radio-marked sage-grouse, and mitigation funding from the Kern River Corporation pipeline going through the area. Housing was provided for the researchers at a local state park, reducing the overall project costs. Local landowners were key partners in the research efforts, as permission to access each parcel of land was critical to the ability of the researchers to conduct their research. Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the indispensable eff orts of T. Messmer of Utah State University Wildlife Extension for the many years of dedicated eff ort that made the CBCP possible. Without his support for the LWGs and their facilitation, and his eff orts mentoring dozens of graduate students over the years, the work highlighted in this paper as well as the work of many other Utah LWGs would not have been possible. We also wish to thank the many funders, large and small, institutional and private, whose contributions to LWG research eff orts have supported these eff orts. Two anonymous reviewers and L. Clark, the associate editor, also provided valuable comments that considerably improved this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2021.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1177/01945998211061511",
language = "English",
journal = "Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)",
issn = "0194-5998",
publisher = "Sage Publications",
}
