TY - JOUR
T1 - Reactive oxygen species facilitate the EDH response in arterioles by potentiating intracellular endothelial Ca2+ release
AU - Chidgey, James
AU - Fraser, Paul A.
AU - Aaronson, Philip I.
PY - 2016/6/16
Y1 - 2016/6/16
N2 - There is abundant evidence that H2O2 can act as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the resistance vasculature. However, whilst scavenging H2O2 can abolish endothelial dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) and the associated vascular relaxation in some arteries, EDH-dependent vasorelaxation can often be mimicked only by using relatively high concentrations of H2O2. We have examined the role of H2O2 in EDH-dependent vasodilatation by simultaneously measuring vascular diameter and changes in endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i during the application of H2O2 or carbachol, which triggers EDH. Carbachol (10 µM) induced dilatation of phenylephrine-preconstricted rat cremaster arterioles was largely (73%) preserved in the presence of indomethacin (3 µM) and l-NAME (300 µM). This residual NO- and prostacyclin-independent dilatation was reduced by 89% upon addition of apamin (0.5 µM) and TRAM-34 (10 µM), and by 74% when an extracellular ROS scavenging mixture of SOD and catalase (S&C; 100 U.ml−1 each) was present. S&C also reduced the carbachol-induced EC [Ca2+]i increase by 74%. When applied in Ca2+-free external medium, carbachol caused a transient increase in EC [Ca2+]i. This was reduced by catalase, and was enhanced when 1 µM H2O2 was present in the bath. H2O2 -induced dilatation, which occurred only at concentrations ≥100 µM, was reduced by a blocking antibody to TRPM2, which had no effect on carbachol-induced responses. Similarly, iberotoxin and Rp-8bromo cGMP reduced the vasodilatation induced by H2O2, but not by carbachol. Inhibiting PLC, PLA2 or CYP450 2C9 each greatly reduced the carbachol-induced increase in EC [Ca2+]i and vasodilatation, but adding 10 µM H2O2 during PLA2 or CYP450 2C9 inhibition completely restored both responses. The nature of the effective ROS species was investigated by using Fe2+ chelators to block the formation of ∙OH. A cell permeant chelator was able to inhibit EC Ca2+ store release, but cell impermeant chelators reduced both the vasodilatation and EC Ca2+ influx, implying that ∙OH is required for these responses. The results indicate that rather than mediating EDH by acting directly on smooth muscle, H2O2 promotes EDH by acting within EC to enhance Ca2+ release.
AB - There is abundant evidence that H2O2 can act as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the resistance vasculature. However, whilst scavenging H2O2 can abolish endothelial dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) and the associated vascular relaxation in some arteries, EDH-dependent vasorelaxation can often be mimicked only by using relatively high concentrations of H2O2. We have examined the role of H2O2 in EDH-dependent vasodilatation by simultaneously measuring vascular diameter and changes in endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i during the application of H2O2 or carbachol, which triggers EDH. Carbachol (10 µM) induced dilatation of phenylephrine-preconstricted rat cremaster arterioles was largely (73%) preserved in the presence of indomethacin (3 µM) and l-NAME (300 µM). This residual NO- and prostacyclin-independent dilatation was reduced by 89% upon addition of apamin (0.5 µM) and TRAM-34 (10 µM), and by 74% when an extracellular ROS scavenging mixture of SOD and catalase (S&C; 100 U.ml−1 each) was present. S&C also reduced the carbachol-induced EC [Ca2+]i increase by 74%. When applied in Ca2+-free external medium, carbachol caused a transient increase in EC [Ca2+]i. This was reduced by catalase, and was enhanced when 1 µM H2O2 was present in the bath. H2O2 -induced dilatation, which occurred only at concentrations ≥100 µM, was reduced by a blocking antibody to TRPM2, which had no effect on carbachol-induced responses. Similarly, iberotoxin and Rp-8bromo cGMP reduced the vasodilatation induced by H2O2, but not by carbachol. Inhibiting PLC, PLA2 or CYP450 2C9 each greatly reduced the carbachol-induced increase in EC [Ca2+]i and vasodilatation, but adding 10 µM H2O2 during PLA2 or CYP450 2C9 inhibition completely restored both responses. The nature of the effective ROS species was investigated by using Fe2+ chelators to block the formation of ∙OH. A cell permeant chelator was able to inhibit EC Ca2+ store release, but cell impermeant chelators reduced both the vasodilatation and EC Ca2+ influx, implying that ∙OH is required for these responses. The results indicate that rather than mediating EDH by acting directly on smooth muscle, H2O2 promotes EDH by acting within EC to enhance Ca2+ release.
KW - Endothelium dependent hyperpolarization
KW - arteriole
KW - Ca2+
KW - reactive oxygen species
KW - vasodilation
KW - H2O2
U2 - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.010
DO - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.010
M3 - Article
SN - 0891-5849
JO - Free Radical Biology and Medicine
JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine
ER -