Reactive oxygen species regulate axonal regeneration through the release of exosomal NADPH oxidase 2 complexes into injured axons

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reactive oxygen species regulate axonal regeneration through the release of exosomal NADPH oxidase 2 complexes into injured axons

AU - Hervera, Arnau

AU - De Virgiliis, Francesco

AU - Palmisano, Ilaria

AU - Zhou, Luming

AU - Tantardini, Elena

AU - Kong, Guiping

AU - Hutson, Thomas

AU - Danzi, Matt C

AU - Perry, Rotem Ben-Tov

AU - Santos, Celio X C

AU - Kapustin, Alexander N

AU - Fleck, Roland A

AU - Del Río, José Antonio

AU - Carroll, Thomas

AU - Lemmon, Vance

AU - Bixby, John L

AU - Shah, Ajay M

AU - Fainzilber, Mike

AU - Di Giovanni, Simone

PY - 2018/3/20

Y1 - 2018/3/20

N2 - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to tissue damage and remodelling mediated by the inflammatory response after injury. Here we show that ROS, which promote axonal dieback and degeneration after injury, are also required for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal injury. We find that ROS production in the injured sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia requires CX3CR1-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells. Next, exosomes containing functional NADPH oxidase 2 complexes are released from macrophages and incorporated into injured axons via endocytosis. Once in axonal endosomes, active NOX2 is retrogradely transported to the cell body through an importin-β1-dynein-dependent mechanism. Endosomal NOX2 oxidizes PTEN, which leads to its inactivation, thus stimulating PI3K-phosporylated (p-)Akt signalling and regenerative outgrowth. Challenging the view that ROS are exclusively involved in nerve degeneration, we propose a previously unrecognized role of ROS in mammalian axonal regeneration through a NOX2-PI3K-p-Akt signalling pathway.

AB - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to tissue damage and remodelling mediated by the inflammatory response after injury. Here we show that ROS, which promote axonal dieback and degeneration after injury, are also required for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal injury. We find that ROS production in the injured sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia requires CX3CR1-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells. Next, exosomes containing functional NADPH oxidase 2 complexes are released from macrophages and incorporated into injured axons via endocytosis. Once in axonal endosomes, active NOX2 is retrogradely transported to the cell body through an importin-β1-dynein-dependent mechanism. Endosomal NOX2 oxidizes PTEN, which leads to its inactivation, thus stimulating PI3K-phosporylated (p-)Akt signalling and regenerative outgrowth. Challenging the view that ROS are exclusively involved in nerve degeneration, we propose a previously unrecognized role of ROS in mammalian axonal regeneration through a NOX2-PI3K-p-Akt signalling pathway.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85041899028

U2 - 10.1038/s41556-018-0039-x

DO - 10.1038/s41556-018-0039-x

M3 - Article

C2 - 29434374

SN - 1465-7392

VL - 20

SP - 307

EP - 319

JO - Nature Cell Biology

JF - Nature Cell Biology

IS - 3

ER -