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Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages

  • Paolo Fusar-Poli
  • , Toby Pillinger
  • , Robert A. McCutcheon
  • , Thara Rangaswamy
  • , Laila Asmal
  • , Swaran P. Singh
  • , Dominic Oliver
  • , Riccardo Stefanelli
  • , Nicolas A. Crossley
  • , Ary Gadelha
  • , Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
  • , Byamah B. Mutamba
  • , Majda Cheour
  • , Marcelo Valencia
  • , Laura Asher
  • , Claudia Aymerich
  • , Ana Catalan
  • , Dong Keon Yon
  • , Jae Il Shin
  • , Marco Solmi
  • Stephen M. Lawrie, Kazione Kulisewa, Olga Karpenko, Dror Ben-Zeev, Samuele Cortese, Crick Lund, Oliver Howes, Peter Kéri, Charlene Sunkel, Ilaria Bonoldi, Stefano Damiani, Laura Fusar-Poli, Patrick D. McGorry, John M. Kane, Christoph U. Correll
  • King's College London
  • SLaM South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
  • Child Neuropsychiatry Unit
  • University of Pavia
  • Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
  • University of Oxford
  • Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF)
  • Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
  • Warwick Medical School
  • Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
  • National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents and National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health
  • Universidad de Antioquia
  • Butabika National Referral and Teaching Mental Hospital
  • Razi Hospital La Manouba
  • University of Tunis El Manar
  • National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente
  • University of Nottingham
  • Psychiatry Department
  • Hospital Universitario Basurto
  • Biobizkaia Health Research Institute
  • Department of Neuroscience
  • Universidad del Pais Vasco
  • Carlos III Institute
  • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
  • KyungHee University College of Medicine
  • Kyung Hee University
  • Yonsei University
  • University of Ottawa
  • The Ottawa Hospital
  • Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
  • Institute for Radiology, CCM
  • Medical Schoo
  • Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
  • Mental Health Clinic 1 “N.A. Alexeev”
  • Washington University in St Louis
  • University of Southampton
  • Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari
  • Hampshire and Isle of Wight Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust
  • Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone
  • Department of Health Service and Population Research
  • Centre for Global Mental Health
  • Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University and Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • University of Cape Town
  • Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)
  • Imperial College London
  • Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks-Europe
  • Paarl Research Centre
  • ORYGEN Youth Health
  • Centre for Youth Mental Health
  • Zucker School of Medicine
  • The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research
  • Zucker Hillside Hospital
  • Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
  • Partner Site Berlin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The clinical management of a complex disorder such as schizophrenia remains a significant challenge worldwide. This disorder requires a comprehensive, integrated and personalized care that blends multiple approaches, and the real-world availability of multiple resources. We present here the first recommendations addressing the real-world comprehensive care for people with schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses across different approaches, clinical stages, and levels of available resources. The recommendations are based on a critical review of the scientific literature and a collaborative appraisal by numerous clinical academics actively treating people with schizophrenia worldwide, representing various countries and clinical settings, including those in the Global South. Experts by experience were also involved. Our recommendations indicate that the comprehensive care of schizophrenia should involve: a) early detection; b) measurement-based monitoring; c) pharmacological treatments; d) psychological interventions; e) psychosocial interventions (including supported employment, housing and education); f) management of somatic conditions; g) community care; h) inpatient care; i) peer support, self-help, and alternative healing methods; j) population-level prevention, and l) societal-level support. The overarching core recommendation is to implement evidence-based care that addresses disparities across high- to middle/low-resource settings, emphasizing early intervention (and prevention when possible), culturally-sensitive paradigms that leverage the local existing resources, and task-sharing models that involve non-professional health care workers and, if possible, traditional healers. In the future, we expect that scalable and resource-saving, evidence-based digital solutions will help extend and improve care quality and efficiency across all resource settings. However, none of this can be achieved without adequately focusing on and strengthening mental health funding, improving access to care, addressing social determinants of health, and recognizing that care for people at risk for or living with schizophrenia is uneven and in need of improvement across all settings.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)231-264
Number of pages34
JournalWorld Psychiatry
Volume25
Issue number2
Early online date15 May 2026
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2026

Keywords

  • community care
  • early intervention
  • measurement-based monitoring
  • middle/low-resource settings
  • pharmacotherapy
  • population-level prevention
  • psychosocial interventions
  • real-world comprehensive care
  • Schizophrenia
  • societal-level support

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