TY - JOUR
T1 - Realising the potential of various inhaled airway challenge agents through improved delivery to the lungs
AU - Lexmond, Anne J.
AU - Singh, Dave
AU - Frijlink, Henderik W.
AU - Clarke, Graham W.
AU - Page, Clive P.
AU - Forbes, Ben
AU - van den Berge, Maarten
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Inhaled airway challenges provoke bronchoconstriction in susceptible subjects and are a pivotal tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive lung diseases, both in the clinic and in the development of new respiratory medicines. This article reviews the main challenge agents that are in use today (methacholine, mannitol, adenosine, allergens, endotoxin) and emphasises the importance of controlling how these agents are administered. There is a danger that the optimal value of these challenge agents may not be realised due to suboptimal inhaled delivery; thus considerations for effective and reproducible challenge delivery are provided. This article seeks to increase awareness of the importance of precise delivery of inhaled agents used to challenge the airways for diagnosis and research, and is intended as a stepping stone towards much-needed standardisation and harmonisation in the administration of inhaled airway challenge agents.
AB - Inhaled airway challenges provoke bronchoconstriction in susceptible subjects and are a pivotal tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive lung diseases, both in the clinic and in the development of new respiratory medicines. This article reviews the main challenge agents that are in use today (methacholine, mannitol, adenosine, allergens, endotoxin) and emphasises the importance of controlling how these agents are administered. There is a danger that the optimal value of these challenge agents may not be realised due to suboptimal inhaled delivery; thus considerations for effective and reproducible challenge delivery are provided. This article seeks to increase awareness of the importance of precise delivery of inhaled agents used to challenge the airways for diagnosis and research, and is intended as a stepping stone towards much-needed standardisation and harmonisation in the administration of inhaled airway challenge agents.
KW - Asthma
KW - Bronchial challenge test
KW - Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
KW - Delivery method optimisation
KW - Delivery method standardisation
KW - Drug delivery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040468515&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.01.004
DO - 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.01.004
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85040468515
SN - 1094-5539
VL - 49
SP - 27
EP - 35
JO - Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
JF - Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
ER -