| Original language | English |
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| Journal | Frontiers |
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| DOIs | |
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| Accepted/In press | 28 Nov 2022 |
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| Published | 19 Dec 2022 |
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The authors acknowledge financial support from: (1) BHF
PG/18/59/33955 and RG/20/1/34802 (2) EPSRC EP/V044087/1,
EP/P001009/1, EP/P032311/1, EP/P007619, (3) Wellcome
EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering (NS/A000049/1), (4)
Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering
ICN2021_004, and (5) the Department of Health through the
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) comprehensive
Biomedical Research Centre award and NIHR Cardiovascular
MIC. The views expressed are those of the authors and not
necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of
Health. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied
a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any
Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this
submission.
The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains challenging. While only a small fraction of patients with systemic sarcoidosis present with clinically symptomatic CS, cardiac involvement has been associated with adverse outcomes, such as ventricular arrhythmia, heart block, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Despite the clinical relevance of having an early and accurate diagnosis of CS, there is no gold-standard technique available for the assessment of CS. Non-invasive PET and MR imaging have shown promise in the detection of different histopathological features of CS. More recently, the introduction of hybrid PET-MR scanners has enabled the acquisition of these hallmarks in a single scan, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CS detection and risk stratification than with either imaging modality alone. This article describes recent developments in hybrid PET-MR imaging for improving the diagnosis of CS and discusses areas of future development that could make cardiac PET-MRI the preferred diagnostic tool for the comprehensive assessment of CS.