Abstract
The interest in regulatory B cells (Bregs) began in the 1970s with the evidence that B cells could downregulate the immune system by the production of “inhibitory” antibodies. Subsequently, a series of results from different studies have emphasized that B cells have antibody-independent immunoregulatory functions. Since then, different subsets of B cells with regulatory functions and their development and mechanisms of action have been identified both in human and in animal models of inflammation, transplantation, and autoimmunity. The present review outlines the suggested pathways by which Bregs develop, describes the different subsets of Bregs with their phenotypes and function as well as their role in transplantation, highlighting the differences between human and animal studies throughout.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 164-179 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Immunological Reviews |
Volume | 292 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2019 |
Keywords
- B-cell development
- clinical transplantation
- regulatory B cell function
- regulatory B-cell subtypes