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Abstract

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict the entry of diverse enveloped viruses through incompletely understood mechanisms. While IFITMs are reported to inhibit HIV-1, their in vivo relevance is unclear. We show that IFITM sensitivity of HIV-1 strains is determined by the co-receptor usage of the viral envelope glycoproteins as well as IFITM subcellular localization within the target cell. Importantly, we find that transmitted founder HIV-1, which establishes de novo infections, is uniquely resistant to the antiviral activity of IFITMs. However, viral sensitivity to IFITMs, particularly IFITM2 and IFITM3, increases over the first 6 months of infection, primarily as a result of neutralizing antibody escape mutations. Additionally, the ability to evade IFITM restriction contributes to the different interferon sensitivities of transmitted founder and chronic viruses. Together, these data indicate that IFITMs constitute an important barrier to HIV-1 transmission and that escape from adaptive immune responses exposes the virus to antiviral restriction.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)429-442
Number of pages14
JournalCell Host & Microbe
Volume20
Issue number4
Early online date15 Sept 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Oct 2016

Keywords

  • HIV-1
  • IFITM
  • type 1 interferon
  • antiviral restriction
  • CD4
  • co-receptor
  • transmitted founder virus
  • neutralization
  • escape

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