TY - JOUR
T1 - Resting state EEG power spectrum and functional connectivity in autism
T2 - a cross-sectional analysis
AU - EU-AIMS LEAP group authorship
AU - Garcés, Pilar
AU - Baumeister, Sarah
AU - Mason, Luke
AU - Chatham, Christopher H.
AU - Holiga, Stefan
AU - Dukart, Juergen
AU - Jones, Emily J.H.
AU - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU - Baron-Cohen, Simon
AU - Bölte, Sven
AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.
AU - Durston, Sarah
AU - Oranje, Bob
AU - Persico, Antonio M.
AU - Beckmann, Christian F.
AU - Bougeron, Thomas
AU - Dell'Acqua, Flavio
AU - Ecker, Christine
AU - Moessnang, Carolin
AU - Charman, Tony
AU - Tillmann, Julian
AU - Murphy, Declan G.M.
AU - Johnson, Mark
AU - Loth, Eva
AU - Brandeis, Daniel
AU - Hipp, Joerg F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s).
PY - 2022/5/18
Y1 - 2022/5/18
N2 - BACKGROUND: Understanding the development of the neuronal circuitry underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical to shed light into its etiology and for the development of treatment options. Resting state EEG provides a window into spontaneous local and long-range neuronal synchronization and has been investigated in many ASD studies, but results are inconsistent. Unbiased investigation in large and comprehensive samples focusing on replicability is needed. METHODS: We quantified resting state EEG alpha peak metrics, power spectrum (PS, 2-32 Hz) and functional connectivity (FC) in 411 children, adolescents and adults (n = 212 ASD, n = 199 neurotypicals [NT], all with IQ > 75). We performed analyses in source-space using individual head models derived from the participants' MRIs. We tested for differences in mean and variance between the ASD and NT groups for both PS and FC using linear mixed effects models accounting for age, sex, IQ and site effects. Then, we used machine learning to assess whether a multivariate combination of EEG features could better separate ASD and NT participants. All analyses were embedded within a train-validation approach (70%-30% split). RESULTS: In the training dataset, we found an interaction between age and group for the reactivity to eye opening (p = .042 uncorrected), and a significant but weak multivariate ASD vs. NT classification performance for PS and FC (sensitivity 0.52-0.62, specificity 0.59-0.73). None of these findings replicated significantly in the validation dataset, although the effect size in the validation dataset overlapped with the prediction interval from the training dataset. LIMITATIONS: The statistical power to detect weak effects-of the magnitude of those found in the training dataset-in the validation dataset is small, and we cannot fully conclude on the reproducibility of the training dataset's effects. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that PS and FC values in ASD and NT have a strong overlap, and that differences between both groups (in both mean and variance) have, at best, a small effect size. Larger studies would be needed to investigate and replicate such potential effects.
AB - BACKGROUND: Understanding the development of the neuronal circuitry underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical to shed light into its etiology and for the development of treatment options. Resting state EEG provides a window into spontaneous local and long-range neuronal synchronization and has been investigated in many ASD studies, but results are inconsistent. Unbiased investigation in large and comprehensive samples focusing on replicability is needed. METHODS: We quantified resting state EEG alpha peak metrics, power spectrum (PS, 2-32 Hz) and functional connectivity (FC) in 411 children, adolescents and adults (n = 212 ASD, n = 199 neurotypicals [NT], all with IQ > 75). We performed analyses in source-space using individual head models derived from the participants' MRIs. We tested for differences in mean and variance between the ASD and NT groups for both PS and FC using linear mixed effects models accounting for age, sex, IQ and site effects. Then, we used machine learning to assess whether a multivariate combination of EEG features could better separate ASD and NT participants. All analyses were embedded within a train-validation approach (70%-30% split). RESULTS: In the training dataset, we found an interaction between age and group for the reactivity to eye opening (p = .042 uncorrected), and a significant but weak multivariate ASD vs. NT classification performance for PS and FC (sensitivity 0.52-0.62, specificity 0.59-0.73). None of these findings replicated significantly in the validation dataset, although the effect size in the validation dataset overlapped with the prediction interval from the training dataset. LIMITATIONS: The statistical power to detect weak effects-of the magnitude of those found in the training dataset-in the validation dataset is small, and we cannot fully conclude on the reproducibility of the training dataset's effects. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that PS and FC values in ASD and NT have a strong overlap, and that differences between both groups (in both mean and variance) have, at best, a small effect size. Larger studies would be needed to investigate and replicate such potential effects.
KW - Autism spectrum disorder
KW - EEG
KW - Functional connectivity
KW - Power spectrum
KW - Resting state
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130282003&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13229-022-00500-x
DO - 10.1186/s13229-022-00500-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 35585637
AN - SCOPUS:85130282003
SN - 2040-2392
VL - 13
SP - 22
JO - Molecular Autism
JF - Molecular Autism
IS - 1
ER -