TY - JOUR
T1 - Retrospective exploratory study of smoking status and e-cigarette use with response to non-surgical periodontal therapy
AU - Shah, Chandni
AU - Holtfreter, Birte
AU - Hughes, Francis J.
AU - Nibali, Luigi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Background: To compare periodontal treatment responses in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users, non-smokers, former and current smokers. Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 220 patients with periodontitis were seen for baseline periodontal charting, professional-mechanical-plaque-removal (PMPR) and re-evaluation by postgraduate students. Sixty of these patients were former smokers, twenty were former smokers now using e-cigarettes, twenty current smokers, while all others (n = 120) were non-smokers. Effects of smoking status and treatment duration on clinical outcomes were analyzed by linear models using generalized least squares adjusted for known confounders. The primary outcome was “need for surgery” defined as number of sextants with ≥2 non-adjacent sites of probing depths (PD) ≥5 mm. Results: Compared with non-smokers, e-cigarette users had a less favorable treatment response after PMPR. This included statistically significant increased “need for surgery”, as well as increased number of sextants with PD ≥5 mm, number of sites with PD >5 mm and mean PD. There were no statistically significant differences between e-cigarette users and current smokers. Former smokers responded statistically significantly better than e-cigarette users for the primary outcome as well as for the number of sextants and sites with PD ≥5 mm and mean PD. Conclusions: Overall, e-cigarette users had a statistically significantly less favorable response to PMPR than non-smokers; their response was not statistically significantly different to those of current smokers. This, however, needs to be validated with further research in prospective clinical and observational studies in different populations.
AB - Background: To compare periodontal treatment responses in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users, non-smokers, former and current smokers. Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 220 patients with periodontitis were seen for baseline periodontal charting, professional-mechanical-plaque-removal (PMPR) and re-evaluation by postgraduate students. Sixty of these patients were former smokers, twenty were former smokers now using e-cigarettes, twenty current smokers, while all others (n = 120) were non-smokers. Effects of smoking status and treatment duration on clinical outcomes were analyzed by linear models using generalized least squares adjusted for known confounders. The primary outcome was “need for surgery” defined as number of sextants with ≥2 non-adjacent sites of probing depths (PD) ≥5 mm. Results: Compared with non-smokers, e-cigarette users had a less favorable treatment response after PMPR. This included statistically significant increased “need for surgery”, as well as increased number of sextants with PD ≥5 mm, number of sites with PD >5 mm and mean PD. There were no statistically significant differences between e-cigarette users and current smokers. Former smokers responded statistically significantly better than e-cigarette users for the primary outcome as well as for the number of sextants and sites with PD ≥5 mm and mean PD. Conclusions: Overall, e-cigarette users had a statistically significantly less favorable response to PMPR than non-smokers; their response was not statistically significantly different to those of current smokers. This, however, needs to be validated with further research in prospective clinical and observational studies in different populations.
KW - clinical study
KW - periodontal debridement
KW - periodontal diseases
KW - smoking
KW - vaping
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135960609&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/JPER.21-0702
DO - 10.1002/JPER.21-0702
M3 - Article
C2 - 35781714
AN - SCOPUS:85135960609
SN - 0022-3492
JO - Journal of Periodontology
JF - Journal of Periodontology
ER -