Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Dieter Schrenk; Margherita Bignami; Laurent Bodin; James Kevin Chipman; Jesús del Mazo; Bettina Grasl-Kraupp; Christer Hogstrand; Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom; Jean-Charles Leblanc; Carlo Stefano Nebbia; Elsa Nielsen; Evangelia Ntzani; Annette Petersen; Salomon Sand; Christiane Vleminckx; Heather Wallace; Lars Barregård; Diane Benford; Eugenia Dogliotti; Kevin Francesconi; Jose Ángel Gómez Ruiz; Hans Steinkellner; Tuuli Tauriainen; Tanja Schwerdtle

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesús del Mazo, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Christiane Vleminckx, Heather Wallace, Lars Barregård, Diane Benford, Eugenia Dogliotti, Kevin FrancesconiJose Ángel Gómez Ruiz, Hans Steinkellner, Tuuli Tauriainen, Tanja Schwerdtle

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL ₁₀ of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL ₁₀ of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in ‘Toddlers’, with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in ‘Infants’ and ‘Elderly’ age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.

Original language	English
Article number	e8844
Pages (from-to)	e8844
Journal	EFSA Journal
Volume	22
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844
Publication status	Published - Jul 2024

Keywords

dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V))
margin of exposure (MOE)
monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V))
risk assessment
small organoarsenic species

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10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

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Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., Chipman, J. K., del Mazo, J., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Hoogenboom, L., Leblanc, J.-C., Nebbia, C. S., Nielsen, E., Ntzani, E., Petersen, A., Sand, S., Vleminckx, C., Wallace, H., Barregård, L., Benford, D., Dogliotti, E., ... Schwerdtle, T. (2024). Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food. EFSA Journal, 22(7), e8844. Article e8844. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

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title = "Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food",

abstract = "The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL 10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL 10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in {\textquoteleft}Toddlers{\textquoteright}, with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in {\textquoteleft}Infants{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}Elderly{\textquoteright} age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.",

keywords = "dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), margin of exposure (MOE), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), risk assessment, small organoarsenic species",

author = "Dieter Schrenk and Margherita Bignami and Laurent Bodin and Chipman, {James Kevin} and {del Mazo}, Jes{\'u}s and Bettina Grasl-Kraupp and Christer Hogstrand and Hoogenboom, {Laurentius (Ron)} and Jean-Charles Leblanc and Nebbia, {Carlo Stefano} and Elsa Nielsen and Evangelia Ntzani and Annette Petersen and Salomon Sand and Christiane Vleminckx and Heather Wallace and Lars Barreg{\aa}rd and Diane Benford and Eugenia Dogliotti and Kevin Francesconi and G{\'o}mez Ruiz, {Jose {\'A}ngel} and Hans Steinkellner and Tuuli Tauriainen and Tanja Schwerdtle",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

doi = "10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "e8844",

journal = "EFSA Journal",

issn = "1831-4732",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "7",

}

Schrenk, D, Bignami, M, Bodin, L, Chipman, JK, del Mazo, J, Grasl-Kraupp, B, Hogstrand, C, Hoogenboom, L, Leblanc, J-C, Nebbia, CS, Nielsen, E, Ntzani, E, Petersen, A, Sand, S, Vleminckx, C, Wallace, H, Barregård, L, Benford, D, Dogliotti, E, Francesconi, K, Gómez Ruiz, JÁ, Steinkellner, H, Tauriainen, T & Schwerdtle, T 2024, 'Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food', EFSA Journal, vol. 22, no. 7, e8844, pp. e8844. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

TY - JOUR

T1 - Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

AU - Schrenk, Dieter

AU - Bignami, Margherita

AU - Bodin, Laurent

AU - Chipman, James Kevin

AU - del Mazo, Jesús

AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina

AU - Hogstrand, Christer

AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

AU - Leblanc, Jean-Charles

AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano

AU - Nielsen, Elsa

AU - Ntzani, Evangelia

AU - Petersen, Annette

AU - Sand, Salomon

AU - Vleminckx, Christiane

AU - Wallace, Heather

AU - Barregård, Lars

AU - Benford, Diane

AU - Dogliotti, Eugenia

AU - Francesconi, Kevin

AU - Gómez Ruiz, Jose Ángel

AU - Steinkellner, Hans

AU - Tauriainen, Tuuli

AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja

PY - 2024/7

Y1 - 2024/7

N2 - The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL 10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL 10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in ‘Toddlers’, with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in ‘Infants’ and ‘Elderly’ age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.

AB - The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL 10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL 10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in ‘Toddlers’, with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in ‘Infants’ and ‘Elderly’ age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.

KW - dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V))

KW - margin of exposure (MOE)

KW - monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V))

KW - risk assessment

KW - small organoarsenic species

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U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844

M3 - Article

SN - 1831-4732

VL - 22

SP - e8844

JO - EFSA Journal

JF - EFSA Journal

IS - 7

M1 - e8844

ER -

Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food

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Keywords

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