TY - JOUR
T1 - Safety of simultaneous scalp or intracranial EEG during MRI
T2 - A review
AU - Hawsawi, Hassan B.
AU - Carmichael, David W.
AU - Lemieux, Louis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Hawsawi, Carmichael and Lemieux.
PY - 2017/10/10
Y1 - 2017/10/10
N2 - Understanding the brain and its activity is one of the great challenges of modern science. Normal brain activity (cognitive processes, etc.) has been extensively studied using electroencephalography (EEG) since the 1930's, in the form of spontaneous fluctuations in rhythms, and patterns, and in a more experimentally-driven approach in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) allowing us to relate scalp voltage waveforms to brain states and behavior. The use of EEG recorded during functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a more recent development that has become an important tool in clinical neuroscience, for example for the study of epileptic activity. The purpose of this review is to explore the magnetic resonance imaging safety aspects specifically associated with the use of scalp EEG and other brain-implanted electrodes such as intracranial EEG electrodes when they are subjected to the MRI environment. We provide a theoretical overview of the mechanisms at play specifically associated with the presence of EEG equipment connected to the subject in the MR environment, and of the resulting health hazards. This is followed by a survey of the literature on the safety of scalp or invasive EEG-fMRI data acquisitions across field strengths, with emphasis on the practical implications for the safe application of the techniques; in particular, we attempt to summarize the findings in terms of acquisition protocols when possible.
AB - Understanding the brain and its activity is one of the great challenges of modern science. Normal brain activity (cognitive processes, etc.) has been extensively studied using electroencephalography (EEG) since the 1930's, in the form of spontaneous fluctuations in rhythms, and patterns, and in a more experimentally-driven approach in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) allowing us to relate scalp voltage waveforms to brain states and behavior. The use of EEG recorded during functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a more recent development that has become an important tool in clinical neuroscience, for example for the study of epileptic activity. The purpose of this review is to explore the magnetic resonance imaging safety aspects specifically associated with the use of scalp EEG and other brain-implanted electrodes such as intracranial EEG electrodes when they are subjected to the MRI environment. We provide a theoretical overview of the mechanisms at play specifically associated with the presence of EEG equipment connected to the subject in the MR environment, and of the resulting health hazards. This is followed by a survey of the literature on the safety of scalp or invasive EEG-fMRI data acquisitions across field strengths, with emphasis on the practical implications for the safe application of the techniques; in particular, we attempt to summarize the findings in terms of acquisition protocols when possible.
KW - Electroencephalography
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Gradient safety
KW - Implanted electrodes
KW - MR safety
KW - Neuroscience
KW - Radiofrequency safety
KW - Thermal injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032581576&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fphy.2017.00042
DO - 10.3389/fphy.2017.00042
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85032581576
SN - 2296-424X
VL - 5
JO - Frontiers in Physics
JF - Frontiers in Physics
IS - OCT
M1 - 42
ER -