Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50

Jon Arild Aakre; Jörn Schulz; Clive Ballard; Anne Corbett; Bjørn Bjorvatn; Dag Aarsland; Byron Creese; Adam Hampshire; Helen Brooker; Ingelin Testad

doi:10.1002/gps.6022

Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50

Jon Arild Aakre^*, Jörn Schulz, Clive Ballard, Anne Corbett, Bjørn Bjorvatn, Dag Aarsland, Byron Creese, Adam Hampshire, Helen Brooker, Ingelin Testad

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: Sleep is vital for normal cognitive function in daily life, but is commonly disrupted in older adults. Poor sleep can be detrimental to mental and physical health, including cognitive function. This study assessed the association between self-reported short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) sleep duration and sleep fragmentation (3≥ nightly awakenings) in cognitive function. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 8508 individuals enroled in the PROTECT study aged 50 and above formed the basis of the univariate linear regression analysis conducted on four cognitive outcomes assessing visuospatial episodic memory (VSEM), spatial working memory, verbal working memory (VWM), and verbal reasoning (VR). Results: Short (ß = −0.153, 95% CI [−0.258, −0.048], p = 0.004) and long sleep duration (ß = −0.459, 95% CI [−0.826, −0.091], p = 0.014) were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance in VWM. Long sleep duration (ß = −2.986, 95% CI [−5.453, −0.518], p = 0.018) was associated with impaired VR. Short sleep (ß = −0.133, 95% CI [−0.196, −0.069], p = <0.001) and sleep fragmentation (ß = −0.043, 95% CI [−0.085, −0.001], p = 0.043) were associated with reduced VSEM. These associations remained significant when including other established risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline (e.g., depression, hypertension). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that short and long sleep durations and fragmented sleep, may be risk factors for a decline in cognitive processes such as working memory, VR and episodic memory thus might be potential targets for interventions to maintain cognitive health in ageing.

Original language	English
Article number	e6022
Journal	International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Volume	38
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6022
Publication status	Published - Nov 2023

Keywords

cognitive function
older adults
sleep duration
sleep fragmentation

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10.1002/gps.6022

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Aakre, J. A., Schulz, J., Ballard, C., Corbett, A., Bjorvatn, B., Aarsland, D., Creese, B., Hampshire, A., Brooker, H., & Testad, I. (2023). Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 38(11), Article e6022. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6022

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title = "Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50",

abstract = "Objective: Sleep is vital for normal cognitive function in daily life, but is commonly disrupted in older adults. Poor sleep can be detrimental to mental and physical health, including cognitive function. This study assessed the association between self-reported short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) sleep duration and sleep fragmentation (3≥ nightly awakenings) in cognitive function. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 8508 individuals enroled in the PROTECT study aged 50 and above formed the basis of the univariate linear regression analysis conducted on four cognitive outcomes assessing visuospatial episodic memory (VSEM), spatial working memory, verbal working memory (VWM), and verbal reasoning (VR). Results: Short ({\ss} = −0.153, 95% CI [−0.258, −0.048], p = 0.004) and long sleep duration ({\ss} = −0.459, 95% CI [−0.826, −0.091], p = 0.014) were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance in VWM. Long sleep duration ({\ss} = −2.986, 95% CI [−5.453, −0.518], p = 0.018) was associated with impaired VR. Short sleep ({\ss} = −0.133, 95% CI [−0.196, −0.069], p = <0.001) and sleep fragmentation ({\ss} = −0.043, 95% CI [−0.085, −0.001], p = 0.043) were associated with reduced VSEM. These associations remained significant when including other established risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline (e.g., depression, hypertension). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that short and long sleep durations and fragmented sleep, may be risk factors for a decline in cognitive processes such as working memory, VR and episodic memory thus might be potential targets for interventions to maintain cognitive health in ageing.",

keywords = "cognitive function, older adults, sleep duration, sleep fragmentation",

author = "Aakre, {Jon Arild} and J{\"o}rn Schulz and Clive Ballard and Anne Corbett and Bj{\o}rn Bjorvatn and Dag Aarsland and Byron Creese and Adam Hampshire and Helen Brooker and Ingelin Testad",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1002/gps.6022",

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Aakre, JA, Schulz, J, Ballard, C , Corbett, A, Bjorvatn, B, Aarsland, D, Creese, B, Hampshire, A, Brooker, H & Testad, I 2023, 'Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50', International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 38, no. 11, e6022. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6022

Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50. / Aakre, Jon Arild; Schulz, Jörn; Ballard, Clive et al.
In: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 11, e6022, 11.2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50

AU - Aakre, Jon Arild

AU - Schulz, Jörn

AU - Ballard, Clive

AU - Corbett, Anne

AU - Bjorvatn, Bjørn

AU - Aarsland, Dag

AU - Creese, Byron

AU - Hampshire, Adam

AU - Brooker, Helen

AU - Testad, Ingelin

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Objective: Sleep is vital for normal cognitive function in daily life, but is commonly disrupted in older adults. Poor sleep can be detrimental to mental and physical health, including cognitive function. This study assessed the association between self-reported short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) sleep duration and sleep fragmentation (3≥ nightly awakenings) in cognitive function. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 8508 individuals enroled in the PROTECT study aged 50 and above formed the basis of the univariate linear regression analysis conducted on four cognitive outcomes assessing visuospatial episodic memory (VSEM), spatial working memory, verbal working memory (VWM), and verbal reasoning (VR). Results: Short (ß = −0.153, 95% CI [−0.258, −0.048], p = 0.004) and long sleep duration (ß = −0.459, 95% CI [−0.826, −0.091], p = 0.014) were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance in VWM. Long sleep duration (ß = −2.986, 95% CI [−5.453, −0.518], p = 0.018) was associated with impaired VR. Short sleep (ß = −0.133, 95% CI [−0.196, −0.069], p = <0.001) and sleep fragmentation (ß = −0.043, 95% CI [−0.085, −0.001], p = 0.043) were associated with reduced VSEM. These associations remained significant when including other established risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline (e.g., depression, hypertension). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that short and long sleep durations and fragmented sleep, may be risk factors for a decline in cognitive processes such as working memory, VR and episodic memory thus might be potential targets for interventions to maintain cognitive health in ageing.

AB - Objective: Sleep is vital for normal cognitive function in daily life, but is commonly disrupted in older adults. Poor sleep can be detrimental to mental and physical health, including cognitive function. This study assessed the association between self-reported short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) sleep duration and sleep fragmentation (3≥ nightly awakenings) in cognitive function. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 8508 individuals enroled in the PROTECT study aged 50 and above formed the basis of the univariate linear regression analysis conducted on four cognitive outcomes assessing visuospatial episodic memory (VSEM), spatial working memory, verbal working memory (VWM), and verbal reasoning (VR). Results: Short (ß = −0.153, 95% CI [−0.258, −0.048], p = 0.004) and long sleep duration (ß = −0.459, 95% CI [−0.826, −0.091], p = 0.014) were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance in VWM. Long sleep duration (ß = −2.986, 95% CI [−5.453, −0.518], p = 0.018) was associated with impaired VR. Short sleep (ß = −0.133, 95% CI [−0.196, −0.069], p = <0.001) and sleep fragmentation (ß = −0.043, 95% CI [−0.085, −0.001], p = 0.043) were associated with reduced VSEM. These associations remained significant when including other established risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline (e.g., depression, hypertension). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that short and long sleep durations and fragmented sleep, may be risk factors for a decline in cognitive processes such as working memory, VR and episodic memory thus might be potential targets for interventions to maintain cognitive health in ageing.

KW - cognitive function

KW - older adults

KW - sleep duration

KW - sleep fragmentation

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SN - 0885-6230

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JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

IS - 11

M1 - e6022

ER -

Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50

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