Sex differences in risk-based decision making in adolescents with conduct disorder

Justina Sidlauskaite; Karen González-Madruga; Areti Smaragdi; Roberta Riccelli; Ignazio Puzzo; Molly Batchelor; Harriet Cornwell; Luke Clark; Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke; Graeme Fairchild

doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1024-9

Sex differences in risk-based decision making in adolescents with conduct disorder

Justina Sidlauskaite^*, Karen González-Madruga, Areti Smaragdi, Roberta Riccelli, Ignazio Puzzo, Molly Batchelor, Harriet Cornwell, Luke Clark, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Graeme Fairchild

^*Corresponding author for this work

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Altered decision making processes and excessive risk-seeking behaviours are key features of conduct disorder (CD). Previous studies have provided compelling evidence of abnormally increased preference for risky options, higher sensitivity to rewards, as well as blunted responsiveness to aversive outcomes in adolescents with CD. However, most studies published to date have focused on males only; thus, it is not known whether females with CD show similar alterations in decision making. The current study investigated potential sex differences in decision making and risk-seeking behaviours in adolescents with CD. Forty-nine adolescents with CD (23 females) and 51 control subjects (27 females), aged 11-18 years, performed a computerised task assessing decision making under risk—the Risky Choice Task. Participants made a series of decisions between two gamble options that varied in terms of their expected values and probability of gains and losses. This enabled the participants’ risk preferences to be determined. Taking the sample as a whole, adolescents with CD exhibited increased risk-seeking behaviours compared to healthy controls. However, we found a trend towards a sex-by-group interaction, suggesting that these effects may vary by sex. Follow-up analyses showed that males with CD made significantly more risky choices than their typically developing counterparts, while females with CD did not differ from typically developing females in their risk-seeking behaviours. Our results provide preliminary evidence that sex may moderate the relationship between CD and alterations in risk attitudes and reward processing, indicating that there may be sex differences in the developmental pathways and neuropsychological deficits that lead to CD.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Number of pages	10
Journal	European child & adolescent psychiatry
Early online date	7 Jul 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1024-9
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 7 Jul 2017

Keywords

Antisocial behaviour
Conduct disorder
Decision making
Reward
Risk
Sex differences

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10.1007/s00787-017-1024-9

Sex differences in risk-based_SIDLAUSKAITE_Publishedonline7July2017_GOLD VoR (CC BY)Final published version, 845 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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abstract = "Altered decision making processes and excessive risk-seeking behaviours are key features of conduct disorder (CD). Previous studies have provided compelling evidence of abnormally increased preference for risky options, higher sensitivity to rewards, as well as blunted responsiveness to aversive outcomes in adolescents with CD. However, most studies published to date have focused on males only; thus, it is not known whether females with CD show similar alterations in decision making. The current study investigated potential sex differences in decision making and risk-seeking behaviours in adolescents with CD. Forty-nine adolescents with CD (23 females) and 51 control subjects (27 females), aged 11-18 years, performed a computerised task assessing decision making under risk—the Risky Choice Task. Participants made a series of decisions between two gamble options that varied in terms of their expected values and probability of gains and losses. This enabled the participants{\textquoteright} risk preferences to be determined. Taking the sample as a whole, adolescents with CD exhibited increased risk-seeking behaviours compared to healthy controls. However, we found a trend towards a sex-by-group interaction, suggesting that these effects may vary by sex. Follow-up analyses showed that males with CD made significantly more risky choices than their typically developing counterparts, while females with CD did not differ from typically developing females in their risk-seeking behaviours. Our results provide preliminary evidence that sex may moderate the relationship between CD and alterations in risk attitudes and reward processing, indicating that there may be sex differences in the developmental pathways and neuropsychological deficits that lead to CD.",

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AU - Batchelor, Molly

AU - Cornwell, Harriet

AU - Clark, Luke

AU - Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.

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Sex differences in risk-based decision making in adolescents with conduct disorder

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Keywords

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