Short- and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in long COVID in South Korea and 2 Japan: binational population-based discovery and validation cohort study: Neuropsychiatric outcomes and long COVID

TY - JOUR

T1 - Short- and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in long COVID in South Korea and 2 Japan: binational population-based discovery and validation cohort study

T2 - Neuropsychiatric outcomes and long COVID

AU - Kim, Sunyoung

AU - Lee, Hayeon

AU - Lee, Seung Won

AU - Fusar-Poli, Paolo

PY - 2024/6/25

Y1 - 2024/6/25

N2 - We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. To achieve this, we used population-based, large-scale, binational discovery and validation, RECORD-compliant cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery: n=10,027,506) and Japanese claims-based cohort (validation: n=12,218,680) to estimate the short- (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (another respiratory infection).After an exposure-driven propensity score matching, both the short- and long-term risk of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were found to be elevated in the discovery cohort compared to the general population and those with another respiratory infection. Notably, a range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischemic stroke, and mood disorder exhibited an increasing trend of long-term risk in patients with COVID-19. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19, and heterologous vaccination appeared to contribute to a reduced long-term risk such neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation risk was most significant during the first six months after COVID-19, and this risk remained for up to one year in Korea but consistently ordinary (beyond 1 year) in Japan. Replicated the associations observed in the validation cohort.The findings from this study based on data from independent Asian populations broaden our knowledge by considering ethnic diversity and contribute to the evidence on long COVID.

AB - We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. To achieve this, we used population-based, large-scale, binational discovery and validation, RECORD-compliant cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery: n=10,027,506) and Japanese claims-based cohort (validation: n=12,218,680) to estimate the short- (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (another respiratory infection).After an exposure-driven propensity score matching, both the short- and long-term risk of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were found to be elevated in the discovery cohort compared to the general population and those with another respiratory infection. Notably, a range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischemic stroke, and mood disorder exhibited an increasing trend of long-term risk in patients with COVID-19. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19, and heterologous vaccination appeared to contribute to a reduced long-term risk such neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation risk was most significant during the first six months after COVID-19, and this risk remained for up to one year in Korea but consistently ordinary (beyond 1 year) in Japan. Replicated the associations observed in the validation cohort.The findings from this study based on data from independent Asian populations broaden our knowledge by considering ethnic diversity and contribute to the evidence on long COVID.

U2 - 10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8

DO - 10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8

M3 - Article

SN - 2397-3374

JO - Nature Human Behaviour

JF - Nature Human Behaviour

ER -