TY - JOUR
T1 - 11CO bonds made easily for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals
AU - Rotstein, Benjamin H.
AU - Liang, Steven H.
AU - Placzek, Michael S.
AU - Hooker, Jacob M.
AU - Gee, Antony D.
AU - Dollé, Frédéric
AU - Wilson, Alan A.
AU - Vasdev, Neil
PY - 2016/6/8
Y1 - 2016/6/8
N2 - The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [11C]methyl iodide or [11C]methyl triflate (generated from [11C]carbon dioxide or [11C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted 11C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [11C]Carbon dioxide itself, [11C]carbon monoxide, [11C]cyanide, and [11C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable 11C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of 11C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. 11C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
AB - The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [11C]methyl iodide or [11C]methyl triflate (generated from [11C]carbon dioxide or [11C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted 11C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [11C]Carbon dioxide itself, [11C]carbon monoxide, [11C]cyanide, and [11C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable 11C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of 11C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. 11C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84984619711&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c6cs00310a
DO - 10.1039/c6cs00310a
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84984619711
SN - 0306-0012
VL - 45
SP - 4708
EP - 4726
JO - CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
JF - CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
IS - 17
ER -
