Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Helena Rapp-Wright, Gillian McEneff, Bronagh Murphy, Sally Gamble, Ruth Morgan, Matthew Beardah, Leon Barron
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 11-21 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Journal of Hazardous Materials |
Volume | 329 |
Early online date | 6 Jan 2017 |
DOIs | |
Accepted/In press | 4 Jan 2017 |
E-pub ahead of print | 6 Jan 2017 |
Published | 5 May 2017 |
Additional links |
Suspect_screening_and_quantification_of_trace_organic_RAPP_WRIGHT_Firstonline6January2017_GOLD_VoR_CC_BY_.pdf, 1.48 MB, application/pdf
Uploaded date:09 Feb 2017
Version:Final published version
Licence:CC BY
The first comprehensive assessment of 34 solid phase extraction sorbents is presented for organic explosive residues in wastewater prior to analysis with liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). A total of 18 explosives were selected including nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroaromatics and organic peroxides. Three polymeric divinylbenzene-based sorbents were found to be most suitable and one co-polymerised with n-vinyl pyrrolidone offered satisfactory recoveries for 14 compounds in fortified wastewater (77–124%). Limits of detection in matrix ranged from 0.026–23 μg L−1 with R2 ≥ 0.98 for most compounds. The method was applied to eight 24-h composite wastewater samples from a London wastewater works and one compound, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, was determined over five days between 332 and 468 g day−1 (225–303 ng L−1). To further exploit the suspect screening capability, 17 additional explosives, precursors and transformation products were screened in spiked wastewater samples. Of these, 14 were detected with recoveries from 62 to 92%, highlighting the broad applicability of the method. To our knowledge, this represents the first screen of explosives-related compounds in wastewater from a major European city. This method also allows post-analysis detection of new or emerging compounds using full-scan HRMS datasets to potentially identify and locate illegal manufacture of explosives via wastewater analysis.
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