T follicular cells: The regulators of germinal center homeostasis

TY - JOUR

T1 - T follicular cells

T2 - The regulators of germinal center homeostasis

AU - Ribeiro, Filipa

AU - Perucha, Esperanza

AU - Graca, Luis

N1 - Funding Information: The authors aknowledge funding by UTA-EXPL/NPN/0082/2019, EJPRD/0003/2019, and LISBOA-01–0145-FEDER-007391 , projeto cofinanciado pelo FEDER através POR Lisboa 2020–Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, do PORTUGAL 2020, e pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia to LG . Funding Information: The authors aknowledge funding by UTA-EXPL/NPN/0082/2019, EJPRD/0003/2019, and LISBOA-01?0145-FEDER-007391, projeto cofinanciado pelo FEDER atrav?s POR Lisboa 2020?Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, do PORTUGAL 2020, e pela Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia to LG. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - The formation of high-affinity antibodies that protect against infection requires the formation of germinal centres (GCs), where specialized T follicular helper cells (Tfh) provide help to B cells. Those T-B interactions are critical in supporting isotype switching and affinity maturation of B cells. However, GC responses need to be tightly regulated by specialized Foxp3-expressing T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr). It has been shown that the failure of Tfr cells to regulate GC responses can lead to antibody-mediated autoimmunity. Hence, the balance between protection against infection versus tolerance towards self requires an appropriate regulation of cellular and molecular events within secondary lymphoid tissue. Here, we review the development and biology of these T follicular cell subsets, with special emphasis on the metabolic regulation of Tfh cells, thus contributing to a greater understanding of GC responses. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.]

AB - The formation of high-affinity antibodies that protect against infection requires the formation of germinal centres (GCs), where specialized T follicular helper cells (Tfh) provide help to B cells. Those T-B interactions are critical in supporting isotype switching and affinity maturation of B cells. However, GC responses need to be tightly regulated by specialized Foxp3-expressing T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr). It has been shown that the failure of Tfr cells to regulate GC responses can lead to antibody-mediated autoimmunity. Hence, the balance between protection against infection versus tolerance towards self requires an appropriate regulation of cellular and molecular events within secondary lymphoid tissue. Here, we review the development and biology of these T follicular cell subsets, with special emphasis on the metabolic regulation of Tfh cells, thus contributing to a greater understanding of GC responses. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.]

KW - Antibodies

KW - B cells

KW - Germinal center

KW - Immune cell development

KW - Immunometabolism

KW - T follicular helper cells

KW - T follicular regulatory cells

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125526300&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.008

DO - 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.008

M3 - Article

C2 - 35227735

AN - SCOPUS:85125526300

SN - 0165-2478

VL - 244

SP - 1

EP - 11

JO - Immunology Letters

JF - Immunology Letters

ER -