TY - JOUR
T1 - The Acute Effects of Synthetic Intravenous Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Psychosis, Mood, and Cognitive Functioning
AU - Morrison, P.D.
AU - Zois, V.
AU - Mckeown, D.A.
AU - Lee, T.
AU - Holt, D.W.
AU - Powell, J.F.
AU - Kapur, S.
AU - Murray, R.M.
PY - 2009/10
Y1 - 2009/10
N2 - Background. Recent work suggests that heavy use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis. However, there is a dearth of experimental studies of the effects of the Constituents of cannabis, such as Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabino (THC). In a study of intravenous (i.v.) synthetic THC in health), humans, we aimed to Study the relationship of the psychotic symptoms induced by THC to the consequent anxiety and neuropsychological impairment.
Method. Twenty-two health), adult males aged 28 +/- 6 years (mean +/- S.D.) participated in experimental sessions in which i.v. THC (2.5 mg) was administered Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Self-rated and investigator-rated measurements of mood and psychosis [the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE)] were made at baseline and at 30, 80 and 120 min post-injection. Participants also completed a series of neuropsychological tests [the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), Digit Span, Verbal Fluency and the Baddeley Reasoning Task] within 45 min of injection.
Results. THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms, and participant- and investigator-rated measurements of these were highly correlated. Participants showed an increase in anxiety ratings but there was no relationship between either self- or investigator-rated positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety. THC also impaired neuropsychological performance but once again there was no relationship between THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms and deficits in working memory/executive function.
Conclusions. These findings confirm that THC can induce a transient, acute psychotic reaction in psychiatrically well individuals. The extent of the psychotic reaction was not related to the degree of anxiety or cognitive impairment.
AB - Background. Recent work suggests that heavy use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis. However, there is a dearth of experimental studies of the effects of the Constituents of cannabis, such as Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabino (THC). In a study of intravenous (i.v.) synthetic THC in health), humans, we aimed to Study the relationship of the psychotic symptoms induced by THC to the consequent anxiety and neuropsychological impairment.
Method. Twenty-two health), adult males aged 28 +/- 6 years (mean +/- S.D.) participated in experimental sessions in which i.v. THC (2.5 mg) was administered Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Self-rated and investigator-rated measurements of mood and psychosis [the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE)] were made at baseline and at 30, 80 and 120 min post-injection. Participants also completed a series of neuropsychological tests [the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), Digit Span, Verbal Fluency and the Baddeley Reasoning Task] within 45 min of injection.
Results. THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms, and participant- and investigator-rated measurements of these were highly correlated. Participants showed an increase in anxiety ratings but there was no relationship between either self- or investigator-rated positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety. THC also impaired neuropsychological performance but once again there was no relationship between THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms and deficits in working memory/executive function.
Conclusions. These findings confirm that THC can induce a transient, acute psychotic reaction in psychiatrically well individuals. The extent of the psychotic reaction was not related to the degree of anxiety or cognitive impairment.
U2 - 10.1017/S0033291709005522
DO - 10.1017/S0033291709005522
M3 - Article
SN - 1469-8978
VL - 39
SP - 1607
EP - 1616
JO - Psychological Medicine
JF - Psychological Medicine
IS - 10
ER -
