The Association Between Benign Fasciculations and Health Anxiety: A Report of Two Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Association Between Benign Fasciculations and Health Anxiety

T2 - A Report of Two Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature

AU - Blackman, Graham

AU - Cherfi, Yasmine

AU - Morrin, Hamilton

AU - Ellis, Cathy M.

AU - Bashford, James

AU - Ruths, Florian

AU - David, Anthony S.

PY - 2019/9/1

Y1 - 2019/9/1

N2 - Background: Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS)is characterized by persistent spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers in the absence of a pathological cause. Patients with BFS often have concerns around having motor neuron disease, in some cases fulfilling the criteria for health anxiety disorder. Research on how BFS and health anxiety relate to one another and how they should be optimally managed together is sparse. Objective: We report two cases of BFS associated with health anxiety. We also review the literature on the association between BFS and health anxiety. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey for studies investigating benign fasciculations and anxiety up to August 2018. Results: Both cases were successfully treated for health anxiety disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)and antidepressant medication. We identified eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 384 patients. Most studies were of moderate quality. Patients with BFS tended to be male and in their 30s or 40s. There was an overrepresentation of clinicians. Anxiety symptoms were common and frequently coexisted alongside fasciculations. Health anxiety was overwhelmingly focused around motor neuron disease. Conclusion: A proportion of individuals with BFS experience anxiety around having motor neuron disease—to the point of developing health anxiety disorder. A bidirectional relationship may exist between BFS and health anxiety disorder. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of health anxiety disorder in patients with BFS and have a low threshold to refer for psychiatric assessment. There is support for the role of psychological therapy, especially CBT, as well as pharmacotherapy, in the form of antidepressant medication. In severe or treatment-refractive cases, combined treatment may be indicated.

AB - Background: Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS)is characterized by persistent spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers in the absence of a pathological cause. Patients with BFS often have concerns around having motor neuron disease, in some cases fulfilling the criteria for health anxiety disorder. Research on how BFS and health anxiety relate to one another and how they should be optimally managed together is sparse. Objective: We report two cases of BFS associated with health anxiety. We also review the literature on the association between BFS and health anxiety. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey for studies investigating benign fasciculations and anxiety up to August 2018. Results: Both cases were successfully treated for health anxiety disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)and antidepressant medication. We identified eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 384 patients. Most studies were of moderate quality. Patients with BFS tended to be male and in their 30s or 40s. There was an overrepresentation of clinicians. Anxiety symptoms were common and frequently coexisted alongside fasciculations. Health anxiety was overwhelmingly focused around motor neuron disease. Conclusion: A proportion of individuals with BFS experience anxiety around having motor neuron disease—to the point of developing health anxiety disorder. A bidirectional relationship may exist between BFS and health anxiety disorder. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of health anxiety disorder in patients with BFS and have a low threshold to refer for psychiatric assessment. There is support for the role of psychological therapy, especially CBT, as well as pharmacotherapy, in the form of antidepressant medication. In severe or treatment-refractive cases, combined treatment may be indicated.

KW - anxiety

KW - fasciculation

KW - hypochondriasis

KW - motor neuron disease

KW - somatization

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066487297&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.psym.2019.04.001

DO - 10.1016/j.psym.2019.04.001

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85066487297

SN - 0033-3182

VL - 60

SP - 499

EP - 507

JO - Psychosomatics

JF - Psychosomatics

IS - 5

ER -