The breast cancer stem cell potency of copper(II) complexes bearing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their encapsulation using polymeric nanoparticles

TY - JOUR

T1 - The breast cancer stem cell potency of copper(II) complexes bearing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their encapsulation using polymeric nanoparticles

AU - Eskandari, Arvin

AU - Boodram, Janine N.

AU - Cressey, Paul Brian

AU - Lu, Chunxin

AU - Bruno, Peter M.

AU - Hemann, Michael T.

AU - Suntharalingam, Kogularamanan

PY - 2016/11/28

Y1 - 2016/11/28

N2 - We report the cancer stem cell (CSC) potency of a novel series of copper(II)-phenanthroline complexes bearing nonsteriodial anti-inflammatory drugs: naproxen, tolfenamic acid, and indomethacin (2a–3c). Two of the complexes, 2a and 3c, kill breast CSC-enriched HMLER-shEcad cells (grown in both monolayer and three-dimensional cell cultures) to a significantly better extent than salinomycin, a well-established CSC toxin. The most potent complex in the series, 3c induces its cytotoxic effect by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Encapsulation of 3c using biodegradable methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEG–PLGA) copolymers at the appropriate feed (5%, 3c NP5) enhances breast CSC uptake and reduces overall toxicity. The nanoparticle formulation, 3c NP5 selectively kills breast CSCs over bulk breast cancer cells, and evokes a similar cellular response to the payload, 3c. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that polymeric nanoparticles can be used to effectively deliver CSC-potent metal complexes into CSCs.

AB - We report the cancer stem cell (CSC) potency of a novel series of copper(II)-phenanthroline complexes bearing nonsteriodial anti-inflammatory drugs: naproxen, tolfenamic acid, and indomethacin (2a–3c). Two of the complexes, 2a and 3c, kill breast CSC-enriched HMLER-shEcad cells (grown in both monolayer and three-dimensional cell cultures) to a significantly better extent than salinomycin, a well-established CSC toxin. The most potent complex in the series, 3c induces its cytotoxic effect by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Encapsulation of 3c using biodegradable methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEG–PLGA) copolymers at the appropriate feed (5%, 3c NP5) enhances breast CSC uptake and reduces overall toxicity. The nanoparticle formulation, 3c NP5 selectively kills breast CSCs over bulk breast cancer cells, and evokes a similar cellular response to the payload, 3c. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that polymeric nanoparticles can be used to effectively deliver CSC-potent metal complexes into CSCs.

U2 - 10.1039/C6DT03811E

DO - 10.1039/C6DT03811E

M3 - Article

SN - 1477-9226

VL - 45

SP - 17867

EP - 17873

JO - Dalton Transactions

JF - Dalton Transactions

IS - 44

ER -