TY - JOUR
T1 - The cardiovascular effects of xanthines and selective PDE inhibitors
T2 - A risk–benefit analysis
AU - Fusco, Roberta
AU - Di Paola, Rosanna
AU - Cuzzocrea, Salvatore
AU - Matera, Maria Gabriella
AU - Page, Clive
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Xanthines have been employed in the treatment of respiratory disorders since 1937, for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma. However, xanthines, although effective, have a relatively narrow therapeutic window that has limited their wider use. Xanthines can also have important effects on the cardiovascular system. However, more recently, there has been the introduction of a number of selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, in particular roflumilast for the treatment of severe COPD. In addition, a number of PDE3 inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of a range of conditions, as PDE3 is widely expressed in cardiovascular tissues. The dual PDE3/4 inhibitor ensifentrine is also under development for the treatment of COPD. Here, we discuss the cardiovascular actions of xanthines and selective PDE inhibitors.
AB - Xanthines have been employed in the treatment of respiratory disorders since 1937, for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma. However, xanthines, although effective, have a relatively narrow therapeutic window that has limited their wider use. Xanthines can also have important effects on the cardiovascular system. However, more recently, there has been the introduction of a number of selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, in particular roflumilast for the treatment of severe COPD. In addition, a number of PDE3 inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of a range of conditions, as PDE3 is widely expressed in cardiovascular tissues. The dual PDE3/4 inhibitor ensifentrine is also under development for the treatment of COPD. Here, we discuss the cardiovascular actions of xanthines and selective PDE inhibitors.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089708767&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1183/2312508X.10028919
DO - 10.1183/2312508X.10028919
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089708767
SN - 2312-508X
VL - 2020
SP - 279
EP - 286
JO - ERS Monograph
JF - ERS Monograph
IS - 9781849841191
ER -