@article{5d8ef53b73c6489fb171d2666fcb7e1e,
title = "The Etiological and Predictive Association Between ADHD and Cognitive Performance From Childhood to Young Adulthood",
abstract = "Objective: Evidence about the etiology of the predictive associations between a diagnosis of ADHD and cognitive performance over time is scarce. Here, we examine these predictive and etiological patterns using a cross-lagged model design in a sample of 404 participants (74% males) from ADHD and control sibling pairs aged 6 to 17 years at baseline and 12 to 24 years at follow-up. Methods: Data included IQ, short-term and working memory measures, and response speed and variability from a four-choice reaction-time task. Results: ADHD and IQ predicted each other over time. ADHD at baseline predicted lower working memory performance at follow-up. Stable etiological influences emerged in the association between ADHD and cognitive variables across time. Conclusion: Whether early interventions can reduce negative interference with learning at school requires further study.",
keywords = "ADHD, cognitive impairments, etiological factors",
author = "Isabella Vainieri and Giorgia Michelini and Cheung, {Celeste H.M.} and Oginni, {Olakunle A.} and Philip Asherson and Fr{\"u}hling Rijsdijk and Jonna Kuntsi",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was supported by generous Grants from Action Medical Research and the Peter Sowerby Charitable Foundation (Grant Reference GN1777). Initial sample recruitment of the ADHD sample was supported by NIMH Grant R01MH062873 to Prof. Stephen V Faraone; the recruitment of the control sample and initial cognitive assessments of ADHD and control groups were supported by UK Medical Research Council Grant G0300189 to Prof. Jonna Kuntsi. Isabella Vainieri is supported by a 3-year PhD studentship awarded by the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King{\textquoteright}s College London. Dr Giorgia Michelini was in receipt of a fellowship funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King{\textquoteright}s College London. Dr. Olakunle A. Oginni received a Commonwealth PhD scholarship. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.We thank all who made this research possible: our participants and their families; Jessica Deadman, Hannah Collyer, and Sarah-Jane Gregori. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Prof. Jonna Kuntsi. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} {\textcopyright}The Author(s) 2023.",
year = "2023",
month = may,
doi = "10.1177/10870547231159908",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
pages = "645--794",
journal = "Journal of Attention Disorders",
issn = "1087-0547",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "7",
}