TY - JOUR
T1 - The human basal ganglia mediate the interplay between reactive and proactive control of response through both motor inhibition and sensory modulation
AU - Criaud, Marion
AU - Anton, Jean Luc
AU - Nazarian, Bruno
AU - Longcamp, Marieke
AU - Metereau, Elise
AU - Boulinguez, Philippe
AU - Ballanger, Bénédicte
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by two consecutive grants (ANR MNPS-039-01; ANR-16-CE37-0007-03).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - The basal ganglia (BG) have long been known for contributing to the regulation of motor behaviour by means of a complex interplay between tonic and phasic inhibitory mechanisms. However, after having focused for a long time on phasic reactive mechanisms, it is only recently that psychological research in healthy humans has modelled tonic proactive mechanisms of control. Mutual calibration between anatomo-functional and psychological models is still needed to better understand the unclear role of the BG in the interplay between proactive and reactive mechanisms of control. Here, we implemented an event-related fMRI design allowing proper analysis of both the brain activity preceding the target-stimulus and the brain activity induced by the target-stimulus during a simple go/nogo task, with a particular interest in the ambiguous role of the basal ganglia. Post-stimulus activity was evoked in the left dorsal striatum, the subthalamus nucleus and internal globus pallidus by any stimulus when the situation was unpredictable, pinpointing its involvement in reactive, non-selective inhibitory mechanisms when action restraint is required. Pre-stimulus activity was detected in the ventral, not the dorsal, striatum, when the situation was unpredictable, and was associated with changes in functional connectivity with the early visual, not the motor, cortex. This suggests that the ventral striatum supports modulatory influence over sensory processing during proactive control.
AB - The basal ganglia (BG) have long been known for contributing to the regulation of motor behaviour by means of a complex interplay between tonic and phasic inhibitory mechanisms. However, after having focused for a long time on phasic reactive mechanisms, it is only recently that psychological research in healthy humans has modelled tonic proactive mechanisms of control. Mutual calibration between anatomo-functional and psychological models is still needed to better understand the unclear role of the BG in the interplay between proactive and reactive mechanisms of control. Here, we implemented an event-related fMRI design allowing proper analysis of both the brain activity preceding the target-stimulus and the brain activity induced by the target-stimulus during a simple go/nogo task, with a particular interest in the ambiguous role of the basal ganglia. Post-stimulus activity was evoked in the left dorsal striatum, the subthalamus nucleus and internal globus pallidus by any stimulus when the situation was unpredictable, pinpointing its involvement in reactive, non-selective inhibitory mechanisms when action restraint is required. Pre-stimulus activity was detected in the ventral, not the dorsal, striatum, when the situation was unpredictable, and was associated with changes in functional connectivity with the early visual, not the motor, cortex. This suggests that the ventral striatum supports modulatory influence over sensory processing during proactive control.
KW - fMRI
KW - Functional connectivity (PPI)
KW - Go/nogo
KW - Response inhibition
KW - Task setting
KW - Visual attention
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105636664&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/brainsci11050560
DO - 10.3390/brainsci11050560
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105636664
SN - 2076-3425
VL - 11
JO - Brain Sciences
JF - Brain Sciences
IS - 5
M1 - 560
ER -