TY - JOUR
T1 - The Innate Biologies of Adaptive Antigen Receptors
AU - Hayday, Adrian C.
AU - Vantourout, Pierre
PY - 2020/4/26
Y1 - 2020/4/26
N2 - Nonclonal innate immune responses mediated by germ line-encoded receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or natural killer receptors, are commonly contrasted with diverse, clonotypic adaptive responses of lymphocyte antigen receptors generated by somatic recombination. However, the Variable (V) regions of antigen receptors include germ line-encoded motifs unaltered by somatic recombination, and theoretically available to mediate nonclonal, innate responses, that are independent of or largely override clonotypic responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that such responses exist, underpinning the associations of particular γdelta T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific anatomical sites. Thus, TCRγdelta can make innate and adaptive responses with distinct functional outcomes. Given that αβ T cells and B cells can also make nonclonal responses, we consider that innate responses of antigen receptor V-regions may be more widespread, for example, inducing states of preparedness from which adaptive clones are better selected. We likewise consider that potent, nonclonal T cell responses to microbial superantigens may reflect subversion of physiologic innate responses of TCRα/beta chains.
AB - Nonclonal innate immune responses mediated by germ line-encoded receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or natural killer receptors, are commonly contrasted with diverse, clonotypic adaptive responses of lymphocyte antigen receptors generated by somatic recombination. However, the Variable (V) regions of antigen receptors include germ line-encoded motifs unaltered by somatic recombination, and theoretically available to mediate nonclonal, innate responses, that are independent of or largely override clonotypic responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that such responses exist, underpinning the associations of particular γdelta T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific anatomical sites. Thus, TCRγdelta can make innate and adaptive responses with distinct functional outcomes. Given that αβ T cells and B cells can also make nonclonal responses, we consider that innate responses of antigen receptor V-regions may be more widespread, for example, inducing states of preparedness from which adaptive clones are better selected. We likewise consider that potent, nonclonal T cell responses to microbial superantigens may reflect subversion of physiologic innate responses of TCRα/beta chains.
KW - butyrophilins
KW - immunoglobulins
KW - preparedness
KW - superantigens
KW - T cell receptors
KW - tonic signaling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084078310&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102819-023144
DO - 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102819-023144
M3 - Article
C2 - 32017636
AN - SCOPUS:85084078310
SN - 0732-0582
VL - 38
SP - 487
EP - 510
JO - Annual Review of Immunology
JF - Annual Review of Immunology
IS - 1
ER -