The Innate Biologies of Adaptive Antigen Receptors

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Innate Biologies of Adaptive Antigen Receptors

AU - Hayday, Adrian C.

AU - Vantourout, Pierre

PY - 2020/4/26

Y1 - 2020/4/26

N2 - Nonclonal innate immune responses mediated by germ line-encoded receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or natural killer receptors, are commonly contrasted with diverse, clonotypic adaptive responses of lymphocyte antigen receptors generated by somatic recombination. However, the Variable (V) regions of antigen receptors include germ line-encoded motifs unaltered by somatic recombination, and theoretically available to mediate nonclonal, innate responses, that are independent of or largely override clonotypic responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that such responses exist, underpinning the associations of particular γdelta T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific anatomical sites. Thus, TCRγdelta can make innate and adaptive responses with distinct functional outcomes. Given that αβ T cells and B cells can also make nonclonal responses, we consider that innate responses of antigen receptor V-regions may be more widespread, for example, inducing states of preparedness from which adaptive clones are better selected. We likewise consider that potent, nonclonal T cell responses to microbial superantigens may reflect subversion of physiologic innate responses of TCRα/beta chains.

AB - Nonclonal innate immune responses mediated by germ line-encoded receptors, such as Toll-like receptors or natural killer receptors, are commonly contrasted with diverse, clonotypic adaptive responses of lymphocyte antigen receptors generated by somatic recombination. However, the Variable (V) regions of antigen receptors include germ line-encoded motifs unaltered by somatic recombination, and theoretically available to mediate nonclonal, innate responses, that are independent of or largely override clonotypic responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that such responses exist, underpinning the associations of particular γdelta T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific anatomical sites. Thus, TCRγdelta can make innate and adaptive responses with distinct functional outcomes. Given that αβ T cells and B cells can also make nonclonal responses, we consider that innate responses of antigen receptor V-regions may be more widespread, for example, inducing states of preparedness from which adaptive clones are better selected. We likewise consider that potent, nonclonal T cell responses to microbial superantigens may reflect subversion of physiologic innate responses of TCRα/beta chains.

KW - butyrophilins

KW - immunoglobulins

KW - preparedness

KW - superantigens

KW - T cell receptors

KW - tonic signaling

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85084078310

U2 - 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102819-023144

DO - 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102819-023144

M3 - Article

C2 - 32017636

AN - SCOPUS:85084078310

SN - 0732-0582

VL - 38

SP - 487

EP - 510

JO - Annual Review of Immunology

JF - Annual Review of Immunology

IS - 1

ER -