Abstract
Background: The natural history of depression in stroke patients is complex and the mechanism of
change in symptoms over time is not fully understood. We hypothesise that there are different trajectories
of symptoms after stroke.
Methods: The primary analysis comprised 761 patients who completed 5 years follow up, obtained from
the prospective South London Stroke Register (1998–2013). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale
(HADs) was used to screen patients for depression symptoms at 3 months after stroke, then annually.
Trajectories of depression symptoms were detected using group based trajectory modelling (GBTM).
Results: Four patterns of symptoms (Groups I–IV) were identified: 6.31% of patients had severe symptoms,
improved slightly in early years then worsen (predicted mean HADs score, 15.74 (se¼1.06));
28.65% had moderate symptoms, a tendency to get worse over time, predicted mean score 7.36
(se¼0.35); 49.54% had mild symptoms and a tendency of getting worse, predicted mean 3.89 (se¼0.30),
and 15.51% of the cohort, had no symptoms and remained so over time. The lowest rate of Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) use, over 5 years after stroke was 1.1% for group (I) and highest was
35% for group (IV). Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of the findings using several
inclusion criteria and findings agreed with the primary results.
Limitations: There is loss to follow up of around 20%.
Conclusions: The study identified 4 trajectories of depression symptoms, providing useful information for
the long term management of stroke patients and for the implementation of cost effective personalized
interventions
change in symptoms over time is not fully understood. We hypothesise that there are different trajectories
of symptoms after stroke.
Methods: The primary analysis comprised 761 patients who completed 5 years follow up, obtained from
the prospective South London Stroke Register (1998–2013). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale
(HADs) was used to screen patients for depression symptoms at 3 months after stroke, then annually.
Trajectories of depression symptoms were detected using group based trajectory modelling (GBTM).
Results: Four patterns of symptoms (Groups I–IV) were identified: 6.31% of patients had severe symptoms,
improved slightly in early years then worsen (predicted mean HADs score, 15.74 (se¼1.06));
28.65% had moderate symptoms, a tendency to get worse over time, predicted mean score 7.36
(se¼0.35); 49.54% had mild symptoms and a tendency of getting worse, predicted mean 3.89 (se¼0.30),
and 15.51% of the cohort, had no symptoms and remained so over time. The lowest rate of Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) use, over 5 years after stroke was 1.1% for group (I) and highest was
35% for group (IV). Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of the findings using several
inclusion criteria and findings agreed with the primary results.
Limitations: There is loss to follow up of around 20%.
Conclusions: The study identified 4 trajectories of depression symptoms, providing useful information for
the long term management of stroke patients and for the implementation of cost effective personalized
interventions
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 65-71 |
| Journal | Journal of Affective Disorders |
| Volume | 194 |
| Early online date | 13 Jan 2016 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Apr 2016 |