The Potential Use of Metabolic Cofactors in Treatment of NAFLD

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Potential Use of Metabolic Cofactors in Treatment of NAFLD

AU - Mardinoglu, Adil

AU - Ural, Dilek

AU - Zeybel, Mujdat

AU - Yuksel, Hatice Hilal

AU - Uhlén, Mathias

AU - Borén, Jan

PY - 2019/7/12

Y1 - 2019/7/12

N2 - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

AB - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

KW - L-carnitine

KW - L-serine

KW - Metabolic cofactors

KW - N-acetyl-l-cysteine

KW - NAFLD

KW - Nicotinamide riboside

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070473044&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/nu11071578

DO - 10.3390/nu11071578

M3 - Review article

C2 - 31336926

AN - SCOPUS:85070473044

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 11

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 7

M1 - 1578

ER -