TY - JOUR
T1 - The Malay version of the caregiver assessment of function and upset instrument (Malay-CAFU)
T2 - a translation and validation study among informal stroke caregivers
AU - Hamzah, Nurfaten
AU - Musa, Kamarul Imran
AU - Romli, Muhammad Hibatullah
AU - Chen, Xin Wee
AU - Rahim, Mohd Zulkifli Abdul
AU - Abdullah, Jafri Malin
AU - Suliman, Mohd Azmi
AU - Ibrahim, Mohd Ismail
AU - Ismail, Tengku Alina Tengku
AU - Nadal, Iliatha Papachristou
AU - Kamalakannan, Suresh Kumar
N1 - Funding Information:
This study received funding from the Newton Ungku-Omar Fund (The Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia: Grant number 203/PPSP/6780003).
Funding Information:
We would like to express our gratitude to the lecturers from USM, UPM, and UiTM for their guidance, opinions, and contributions in the process of translation and validation of the Malay-CAFU. We would like to thank all the translators, the expert panels, and the respondents for their participation in the study and to the Distinguished Professor Laura N Gitlin from Drexel University (the developer for CAFU) who has permitted us to translate the English CAFU to Malay CAFU.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/1/30
Y1 - 2023/1/30
N2 - Background: Post-stroke complications affect the informal caregivers equally as the stroke survivors, especially those who have a moderate to worst prognosis in functional capacity recovery. Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset (CAFU) is one of the common tools used in both research and clinical practice to measure the patient’s dependency level and the stroke caregivers' upset level. Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the CAFU instrument into the Malay language and test the validity and reliability of the CAFU among informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia. Methods: A standard forward-backward translation method was employed to translate CAFU. Subsequently, 10 expert panels were included in the validation process, and thereafter reliability testing was conducted among 51 stroke caregivers. The validation of the instrument was determined by computing the content validity indices (CVIs), and we used the Cronbach’s alpha method to explore the internal consistency of the overall score and subscales scores of the Malay-CAFU. Finally, the explanatory factor analysis used principal component extraction and a varimax rotation to examine construct validity. Results: All items of the Malay-CAFU had satisfactory item-level CVI (I-CVI), with values greater than 0.80, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.95. These results indicate that the Malay-CAFU had good relevancy. The internal consistency for the reliability test showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.95 for the overall score. The eigenvalues and scree plot supported a two-factor structural model of the instrument. From the explanatory factor analysis, the factor loadings ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 and 0.56 to 0.83, respectively. Conclusion: The Malay-CAFU questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dependence level of stroke survivors and the upset level of informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.
AB - Background: Post-stroke complications affect the informal caregivers equally as the stroke survivors, especially those who have a moderate to worst prognosis in functional capacity recovery. Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset (CAFU) is one of the common tools used in both research and clinical practice to measure the patient’s dependency level and the stroke caregivers' upset level. Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the CAFU instrument into the Malay language and test the validity and reliability of the CAFU among informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia. Methods: A standard forward-backward translation method was employed to translate CAFU. Subsequently, 10 expert panels were included in the validation process, and thereafter reliability testing was conducted among 51 stroke caregivers. The validation of the instrument was determined by computing the content validity indices (CVIs), and we used the Cronbach’s alpha method to explore the internal consistency of the overall score and subscales scores of the Malay-CAFU. Finally, the explanatory factor analysis used principal component extraction and a varimax rotation to examine construct validity. Results: All items of the Malay-CAFU had satisfactory item-level CVI (I-CVI), with values greater than 0.80, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.95. These results indicate that the Malay-CAFU had good relevancy. The internal consistency for the reliability test showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.95 for the overall score. The eigenvalues and scree plot supported a two-factor structural model of the instrument. From the explanatory factor analysis, the factor loadings ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 and 0.56 to 0.83, respectively. Conclusion: The Malay-CAFU questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dependence level of stroke survivors and the upset level of informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.
KW - Caregiver assessment of function and upset
KW - Explanatory factor analysis
KW - Informal caregivers
KW - Reliability
KW - Stroke survivors
KW - Translation
KW - Validation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146976320&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12889-023-15076-1
DO - 10.1186/s12889-023-15076-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 36717840
AN - SCOPUS:85146976320
SN - 1471-2458
VL - 23
JO - BMC Public Health
JF - BMC Public Health
IS - 1
M1 - 198
ER -
