Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Stefano  Damiani; Cristina Zarbo; Maciej Stolarski; Manuel Zamparini; Letizia Casiraghi; Matteo Rocchetti; Fabrizio Starace; Paolo Fusar-Poli; Giovanni de Girolamo; DiAPAson  Collaborators

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016

Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Stefano Damiani^*, Cristina Zarbo, Maciej Stolarski, Manuel Zamparini, Letizia Casiraghi, Matteo Rocchetti, Fabrizio Starace, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Giovanni de Girolamo, DiAPAson Collaborators

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	116-124
Number of pages	9
Journal	Schizophrenia Research
Volume	261
Early online date	15 Sept 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016
Publication status	Published - Nov 2023

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Damiani, S., Zarbo, C., Stolarski, M., Zamparini, M., Casiraghi, L., Rocchetti, M., Starace, F., Fusar-Poli, P., de Girolamo, G., & Collaborators, DPA. (2023). Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016

@article{a353f42e6a864a14b500ceed831558f2,

title = "Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders",

abstract = "Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD.",

author = "Stefano Damiani and Cristina Zarbo and Maciej Stolarski and Manuel Zamparini and Letizia Casiraghi and Matteo Rocchetti and Fabrizio Starace and Paolo Fusar-Poli and Giovanni de Girolamo and DiAPAson Collaborators",

note = "Funding Information: The DiAPAson project is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Bando per la ricerca Finalizzata 2018: RF-2018-12365514 ). The Ministry of Health has no role in the analyses and interpretation of study findings. Funding Information: We thank the Italian Ministry of Health for funding this research project. Funding Information: We thank the Italian Ministry of Health for funding this research project. Thanks are due to the large number of colleagues in all Italy who have actively collaborated, listed below by alphabetical order of the location: DMH, ASL Ancona (P. D'Elia, S. Impicci, M. Mari, F.M. Quintieri); RF Passaggi Srl-Oricola, Aquila (A. Bellotta, F. Jacoponi, A. Maurizi, L. Tranquilli); DMH, ASL Bari (V. Latorre, G. Nappi, D. Semisa); DMH, ASST Bergamo Ovest (S. Fenaroli, E. Monzani); DMH, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia (S. Barlati, M. Facchi, N. Necchini, A. Vita); IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia (G. de Girolamo, A. Martinelli, G. Tura, M. Zamparini, C. Zarbo); Dept of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia (S. Calza, M. Rota); RF Centro Ippocrate CRA Macchiareddu, Cagliari (C. Lanzi, P. Paribello, B. Piccicacchi, C. Schiavo); Fatebenefratelli Sant'Ambrogio e Sacro Cuore di Ges{\`u}, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milano (R. Bussi, D. Di Cosimo, G.M. Giobbio, R. Placenti); DMH, ASST Cremona (G. Giordano, C. Greco, I. Rossoni, F. Spinogatti); DMH ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate (C. Rovera, M. Toscano); DMH, ASL 3 Genova (L. Ghio, L. Lattanzi, D. Malagamba, M. Tosato); RF CREST {\textquoteleft}La Perla{\textquoteright}, Grumello del Monte, Bergamo (L. Rancati, S. Zizolfi); DMH, ASST Lodi (G. Cerveri, C. Cibra, V. Cuman, E. Pionetti); DMH, ASST Melegnano and Martesana, Melegnano (A. Di Gregorio, F. Durbano, L. Fussi, V. Masseroni); Fondazione Castellini ONLUS, Melegnano (A. Cicceri, A. de Giovanni); DMH, AUSL Modena (S. Agosta, A. de Novellis, F. Starace); DMH, ASST Monza (C. Calini, M. Clerici, R. Pessina); DMH, Napoli 2 Nord (A. Cucciniello, C. D'Anna, M.G. Foia, M.C. Miranda); DMH, ASST Pavia (L. Casiraghi, P. Politi, M. Rocchetti, A. Silva); RF Fondazione Giuseppe Costantino, Pavia (M. Marina, S. Panigada, S. Riavera); DMH, ASL Pescara (A. Cirincione, V. Di Michele, F. Paolone); DMH, AUSL Parma (E. Leuci, G. Paulillo, L. Pelizza); DMH USL Toscana Centro, Prato (A. Baroncelli, G. Cardamone, G. D'Anna, L. Tatini); DMH ASL Roma1 (G. Ducci, A. Maone, T.A. Poliseno, B. Rufelli); Fatebenefratelli Beata Vergine Consolata, San Maurizio Canavese (M.E. Boero, E. Castagno, F. De Dominicis); DMH, ASL Teramo (C. Della Croce, P. Giosu{\`e}); DMH, ASL Citt{\`a} di Torino (F. Facchini, G. Gallino); RF Progetto Du Parc, Torino (J. Orticola, N. Rossetto); DMH, APSS Trento (M. Goglio, F. Lucchi); DMH, ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso (A. Brega, R. De Marchi, P. Di Prisco); RF Le Vele ONLUS, Trezzo sull'Adda e Vaprio d'Adda (E. Bonetti, L. Colasuonno, A. Pozzi, M. Roncalli); DMH, ASUGI Trieste (R. Mezzina, A. Norbedo, A. Rippa); DMH, AOUI Verona (E. Canova, E. Dal Corso, C. D'Astore, M. Ruggeri); Dept of Neurosciences, University of Verona (D. Bertorelle, S. Pogliaghi); RF CTRP Associazione Don Giuseppe Girelli, Verona (G. Ferro, G. Gardelli, S. Pagani, A. Signoretti); DMH ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza (I. Rodolfile, R. Tessari, S. Zanolini); RF CREST, Vinago (C.M. Dentali, M. Minotto). The DiAPAson project is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Bando per la ricerca Finalizzata 2018: RF-2018-12365514). The Ministry of Health has no role in the analyses and interpretation of study findings. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016",

language = "English",

volume = "261",

pages = "116--124",

journal = "Schizophrenia Research",

issn = "0920-9964",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Damiani, S, Zarbo, C, Stolarski, M, Zamparini, M, Casiraghi, L, Rocchetti, M, Starace, F, Fusar-Poli, P, de Girolamo, G & Collaborators, DPA 2023, 'Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders', Schizophrenia Research, vol. 261, pp. 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016

TY - JOUR

T1 - Time will tell

T2 - associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

AU - Damiani, Stefano

AU - Zarbo, Cristina

AU - Stolarski, Maciej

AU - Zamparini, Manuel

AU - Casiraghi, Letizia

AU - Rocchetti, Matteo

AU - Starace, Fabrizio

AU - Fusar-Poli, Paolo

AU - de Girolamo, Giovanni

AU - Collaborators, DiAPAson

N1 - Funding Information: The DiAPAson project is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Bando per la ricerca Finalizzata 2018: RF-2018-12365514 ). The Ministry of Health has no role in the analyses and interpretation of study findings. Funding Information: We thank the Italian Ministry of Health for funding this research project. Funding Information: We thank the Italian Ministry of Health for funding this research project. Thanks are due to the large number of colleagues in all Italy who have actively collaborated, listed below by alphabetical order of the location: DMH, ASL Ancona (P. D'Elia, S. Impicci, M. Mari, F.M. Quintieri); RF Passaggi Srl-Oricola, Aquila (A. Bellotta, F. Jacoponi, A. Maurizi, L. Tranquilli); DMH, ASL Bari (V. Latorre, G. Nappi, D. Semisa); DMH, ASST Bergamo Ovest (S. Fenaroli, E. Monzani); DMH, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia (S. Barlati, M. Facchi, N. Necchini, A. Vita); IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia (G. de Girolamo, A. Martinelli, G. Tura, M. Zamparini, C. Zarbo); Dept of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia (S. Calza, M. Rota); RF Centro Ippocrate CRA Macchiareddu, Cagliari (C. Lanzi, P. Paribello, B. Piccicacchi, C. Schiavo); Fatebenefratelli Sant'Ambrogio e Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Milano (R. Bussi, D. Di Cosimo, G.M. Giobbio, R. Placenti); DMH, ASST Cremona (G. Giordano, C. Greco, I. Rossoni, F. Spinogatti); DMH ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate (C. Rovera, M. Toscano); DMH, ASL 3 Genova (L. Ghio, L. Lattanzi, D. Malagamba, M. Tosato); RF CREST ‘La Perla’, Grumello del Monte, Bergamo (L. Rancati, S. Zizolfi); DMH, ASST Lodi (G. Cerveri, C. Cibra, V. Cuman, E. Pionetti); DMH, ASST Melegnano and Martesana, Melegnano (A. Di Gregorio, F. Durbano, L. Fussi, V. Masseroni); Fondazione Castellini ONLUS, Melegnano (A. Cicceri, A. de Giovanni); DMH, AUSL Modena (S. Agosta, A. de Novellis, F. Starace); DMH, ASST Monza (C. Calini, M. Clerici, R. Pessina); DMH, Napoli 2 Nord (A. Cucciniello, C. D'Anna, M.G. Foia, M.C. Miranda); DMH, ASST Pavia (L. Casiraghi, P. Politi, M. Rocchetti, A. Silva); RF Fondazione Giuseppe Costantino, Pavia (M. Marina, S. Panigada, S. Riavera); DMH, ASL Pescara (A. Cirincione, V. Di Michele, F. Paolone); DMH, AUSL Parma (E. Leuci, G. Paulillo, L. Pelizza); DMH USL Toscana Centro, Prato (A. Baroncelli, G. Cardamone, G. D'Anna, L. Tatini); DMH ASL Roma1 (G. Ducci, A. Maone, T.A. Poliseno, B. Rufelli); Fatebenefratelli Beata Vergine Consolata, San Maurizio Canavese (M.E. Boero, E. Castagno, F. De Dominicis); DMH, ASL Teramo (C. Della Croce, P. Giosuè); DMH, ASL Città di Torino (F. Facchini, G. Gallino); RF Progetto Du Parc, Torino (J. Orticola, N. Rossetto); DMH, APSS Trento (M. Goglio, F. Lucchi); DMH, ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso (A. Brega, R. De Marchi, P. Di Prisco); RF Le Vele ONLUS, Trezzo sull'Adda e Vaprio d'Adda (E. Bonetti, L. Colasuonno, A. Pozzi, M. Roncalli); DMH, ASUGI Trieste (R. Mezzina, A. Norbedo, A. Rippa); DMH, AOUI Verona (E. Canova, E. Dal Corso, C. D'Astore, M. Ruggeri); Dept of Neurosciences, University of Verona (D. Bertorelle, S. Pogliaghi); RF CTRP Associazione Don Giuseppe Girelli, Verona (G. Ferro, G. Gardelli, S. Pagani, A. Signoretti); DMH ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza (I. Rodolfile, R. Tessari, S. Zanolini); RF CREST, Vinago (C.M. Dentali, M. Minotto). The DiAPAson project is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Bando per la ricerca Finalizzata 2018: RF-2018-12365514). The Ministry of Health has no role in the analyses and interpretation of study findings. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2023/11

Y1 - 2023/11

N2 - Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD.

AB - Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171177426&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016

DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016

M3 - Article

SN - 0920-9964

VL - 261

SP - 116

EP - 124

JO - Schizophrenia Research

JF - Schizophrenia Research

ER -

Time will tell: associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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