TY - CHAP
T1 - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as Treatment for Functional Movement Disorder
AU - Aniwattanapong, Daruj
AU - Nicholson, Timothy R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a form of indirect (non-invasive) neurostimulation, has potential wide ranging therapeutic applications across the clinical neurosciences. There is accumulating evidence for its off-label use in functional movement disorder (FMD) and other functional neurological disorder (FND) presentations as a potentially safe and effective treatment. TMS is a relatively inexpensive and safe technology that is already available in most neuroscience centers – suggesting that this therapeutic modality could be rapidly scaled and applied to FND populations for which there are currently few therapeutic options. In this chapter, we critically appraise the available evidence for the therapeutic use of TMS for FMD and other FND subtypes, and discuss key methodological issues in designing and assessing this intervention. The possible mechanisms of action are then considered along with future research directions – including other forms of direct and indirect neurostimulation that are currently available or in development. More research is needed to definitively investigate the potential role for TMS and other neuromodulation techniques in the therapeutic toolbox for the management of functional neurological symptoms.
AB - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a form of indirect (non-invasive) neurostimulation, has potential wide ranging therapeutic applications across the clinical neurosciences. There is accumulating evidence for its off-label use in functional movement disorder (FMD) and other functional neurological disorder (FND) presentations as a potentially safe and effective treatment. TMS is a relatively inexpensive and safe technology that is already available in most neuroscience centers – suggesting that this therapeutic modality could be rapidly scaled and applied to FND populations for which there are currently few therapeutic options. In this chapter, we critically appraise the available evidence for the therapeutic use of TMS for FMD and other FND subtypes, and discuss key methodological issues in designing and assessing this intervention. The possible mechanisms of action are then considered along with future research directions – including other forms of direct and indirect neurostimulation that are currently available or in development. More research is needed to definitively investigate the potential role for TMS and other neuromodulation techniques in the therapeutic toolbox for the management of functional neurological symptoms.
KW - Functional movement disorder
KW - Functional neurological disorder
KW - Neuromodulation
KW - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
KW - Treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126231089&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-86495-8_28
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-86495-8_28
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85126231089
T3 - Current Clinical Neurology
SP - 379
EP - 399
BT - Current Clinical Neurology
PB - Humana Press Inc
ER -