TY - JOUR
T1 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with intellectual disabilities
T2 - Examining incidence, risk factors, quality of care and related complications. A population-based matched cohort study
AU - Baksh, R. Asaad
AU - Pape, Sarah E.
AU - Chan, Li F.
AU - Sheehan, Rory
AU - White, Adam
AU - Chauhan, Umesh
AU - Gulliford, Martin C.
AU - Strydom, André
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/4
Y1 - 2025/4
N2 - Aims: People with intellectual disabilities are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but there are currently gaps in our understanding related to risk of new onset, care of T2DM and complications. Methods: We examined electronic health-record data from Jan 2010 to May 2022 in 189,172 people with intellectual disabilities and 306,697 age, sex and family practice matched controls. We estimated incidence rates per 1,000-person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs), risk factors for T2DM (odds ratio, OR), indicators of quality of care and complications (hazard ratio, HR). Results: Incidence of T2DM in people with intellectual disabilities was 3.74 compared to 2.21 per 1,000 person-years in controls. After allowing for the younger age of T2DM onset in intellectual disabilities, the adjusted IRR was 6.91 (95 % CI 5.81–8.22). Impaired mobility was associated with T2DM incidence in people with intellectual disabilities (OR = 7.72, 5.87–10.15). People with intellectual disabilities received blood tests for HbA1c and cholesterol, and eye and foot examinations less often; and had a 12 % higher risk of developing macrovascular complications. Conclusions: People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of T2DM at younger ages, have specific risk factors, experience inequities in care and are at risk for macrovascular complications.
AB - Aims: People with intellectual disabilities are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but there are currently gaps in our understanding related to risk of new onset, care of T2DM and complications. Methods: We examined electronic health-record data from Jan 2010 to May 2022 in 189,172 people with intellectual disabilities and 306,697 age, sex and family practice matched controls. We estimated incidence rates per 1,000-person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs), risk factors for T2DM (odds ratio, OR), indicators of quality of care and complications (hazard ratio, HR). Results: Incidence of T2DM in people with intellectual disabilities was 3.74 compared to 2.21 per 1,000 person-years in controls. After allowing for the younger age of T2DM onset in intellectual disabilities, the adjusted IRR was 6.91 (95 % CI 5.81–8.22). Impaired mobility was associated with T2DM incidence in people with intellectual disabilities (OR = 7.72, 5.87–10.15). People with intellectual disabilities received blood tests for HbA1c and cholesterol, and eye and foot examinations less often; and had a 12 % higher risk of developing macrovascular complications. Conclusions: People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of T2DM at younger ages, have specific risk factors, experience inequities in care and are at risk for macrovascular complications.
KW - Incidence
KW - Intellectual disabilities
KW - Matched cohort study
KW - Risk factors
KW - Type 2 diabetes complications
KW - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=86000649003&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112090
DO - 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112090
M3 - Article
C2 - 40057045
AN - SCOPUS:86000649003
SN - 0168-8227
VL - 222
JO - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
JF - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
M1 - 112090
ER -
