TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease
AU - Whelan, Kevin
AU - Bancil, Aaron S.
AU - Lindsay, James O.
AU - Chassaing, Benoit
N1 - Funding Information:
K.W. has received research grants related to diet and gut health and disease from government agencies, including the Medical Research Council and National Institute of Health Research, charities, including Crohn’s & Colitis UK, The Helmsley Charitable Trust, Kenneth Rainin Foundation, and commercial funders, including Almond Board of California, Danone, and International Nut and Dried Fruit Council. K.W. has received speaker fees from Danone. K.W. is the holder of a joint patent to use volatile organic compounds as biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome (PCT/GB2020/051604). A.S.B. is funded through a fellowship from The Helmsley Charitable Trust. J.O.L. has received research grants related to diet and gut health and disease from The Helmsley Charitable Trust. B.C. is supported by a starting grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC-2018-StG-804135), a Chaire d’Excellence from IdEx Université de Paris (ANR-18-IDEX-0001), an Innovator Award from the Kenneth Rainin Foundation, an award from the Fondation de l’Avenir (AP-RM-21-032), ANR grants EMULBIONT (ANR-21-CE15-0042-01) and DREAM (ANR-20-PAMR-0002) and the national programme “Microbiote” from INSERM. B.C. reports honorarium and consulting fees from Nestlé, Procter and Gamble, and Qiagen.
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge research funding from The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. The funder had no role in the design, performance or approval of this Review.
Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Limited 2024..
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
AB - Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185504394&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5
DO - 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85185504394
SN - 1759-5045
VL - 21
SP - 406
EP - 427
JO - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 6
ER -