King's College London

The aim of this study is three-fold: first, to better understand the protections that the European Union-United Kingdom (EU-UK) Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) provides with regard to labour rights, in particular in the case either of the contracting parties weakens the labour and social levels of protection applicable at the time the UK left the EU; second, to explain the enforcement mechanisms available under the TCA in case of non-compliance with any of the substantive obligations, in particular focusing on what trade unions are able to do if they believe that non-compliance is taking place; and third, show how the TCA might be strengthened in the future, particularly considering the joint review envisioned by the agreement in 2026.